Excerpts

Temporal trend from 1990 to 2021 From 1990 to 2021, the number of cases for epilepsy attributable to alcohol use in adults over 40 years old showed an increasing trend.

While we did not apply formal correction for multiple comparisons given the limited number of pre-specified subgroup analyses, we acknowledge the potential for type I error inflation and recommend cautious interpretation of marginally significant findings.

Additionally, we observed a significant trend of difference between the two groups in the theta (θ) frequency band.

Uncorrected p-values < 0.05 (nominally significant findings) were reported as showing a trend toward significance.

As can be seen from Table 2 , variables with practically significant (>0.5) varimax loadings [ 16 ] were used to establish logical units (WE and GWA).

When employment status was removed as a confounder from our models, we found no differences in association in three of our main models, with one model becoming borderline significant (Table S9).

If Paths a and b are significant, it implicitly suggests that Path c is also likely to be significant, even if it is not directly measured [ 25 ].

The AAPC was calculated as a weighted average of APCs across the entire study period to provide an overall trend estimate.

The relationship between symptoms of depression and viral non-suppression approached significance among the study population overall, and among men specifically.

Statistical significance was set at α = 0.05 (two-tailed); p < 0.05 was considered significant and p < 0.01 highly significant.

Although the “Weekend Warrior” pattern did not reach statistical significance in our analysis, a notable trend toward risk reduction was observed.

This interaction showed borderline significance ( P for interaction = 0.059).

This finding indicated a clear trend toward earlier pubertal timing, which was consistent with current research.

Until recent 15 to 20 years, some studies have reported a slight trend towards earlier puberty in boys, with a 3-month decline between 1991 and 2008, coinciding with increased luteinizing hormone levels [ 55 ].

For HHD, the negative correlation was weaker than for IHD; although there was an overall trend of decreasing DALY rates with increasing SDI, some high SDI regions maintained relatively high DALY rates Analysis of age composition proportion in 21 regions Figure 5 shows the proportion of prevalence, Deaths, and DALYs in across various age cohorts for IHD and HHD in 21 global regions in 1990 and 2021.

Although the term “interaction” remains at the limit of significance, it suggests that nutrition literacy can play a regulatory role.

A simple slopes analysis at low (–1 SD), medium (0), and high (+ 1 SD) levels of nutrition literacy confirmed a positive trend.

While the observed associations were statistically highly significant, the effect sizes were modest (e.g., β ≈ − 0.7 between the highest and lowest exposure groups).

(3) Accommodation and catering industry GDP and east-west wind speed exhibited marginally significant associations, highlighting the potential synergistic risks posed by economic factors and extreme weather under climate change. ​Conclusion This study uncovers the asymmetric drivers of seasonal FBD patterns in a coastal city, providing crucial scientific evidence for refining seasonal prevention and control strategies against FBD in coastal city settings amidst global climate change.

Nevertheless, the large and highly significant AME suggests that population density is a strong predictor of concentrated summer outbreaks, likely through increased human contact and transmission opportunities.

Overall, the accuracy showed a decreasing trend as the recall rate increases.

Co, Mo, Tl, and W demonstrated an increasing trend across CKM syndrome stages and were significantly associated with higher stage categories.

Regarding urinary creatinine levels, the average level showed a decreasing trend as CKM syndrome stage advanced.

For adults aged 15–59, there is a significant trend of increasing hospitalization costs during the 0–7-day lag period, particularly within the first 5 days of the lag period, with an increase of 38.91% (95% CI: 0.27%, 92.44%).

For females, the increase in hospitalization costs over the entire lag period (during the occurrence of low temperatures and the subsequent 1–10-day lag period) shows a decreasing trend over time, but all increases are statistically significant.