Excerpts

When examining the change in treatment success over time in tracer versus non-tracer subdistricts, only Eastern Cape Province displayed results that approached significance (interaction p = 0.05) (Figure 4 ).

However, to avoid not neglecting the possible effect of variables that approached the statistical significance, it was designated as of marginal significance those variables that were between p > 0.05 and p ≤ 0.1.

No significant trend over time was observed for the national (p=0.09) studies and a borderline significant trend over time was observed for the regional studies (p=0.05).

A similar but marginally significant effect emerged for participants who reported access to information as easy (OR = 0.23, CI [0.05, 1.00], p = .050).

The APC reflects the annual rate of change in incidence within each segment; a positive APC with P < 0.05 indicates an increasing trend, while a negative APC with P < 0.05 indicates a decreasing trend.

Due to the small sample size, results close to significance (0.1 level) were indicated, along with significance at the p < 0.05 level.

Significant interactions were observed for communication, gross motor, and problem-solving domains (all p-values < 0.05), with marginal significance for the personal-social domain ( p = 0.05).

Exercising 1–2 times per week was also marginally significant ( p = 0.05); therefore, exercise might reduce Pb accumulation in infertile women (aOR = 0.37, 95 % CI 0.14–1.00).

After adjustment for confounding by age, educational level, job demands and general health, the significant positive association between obesity and NFR observed in the unadjusted analysis (B = 13.45, 95%CI:4.03, 22.88, p = 0.005) changed into a borderline significant positive association (B = 8.77, 95% CI:0.01, 17.56, p = 0.05), with normal body weight as the reference category.

marginally significant) than the non-PE days ( F 1,506 = 3.76, p = 0.05).

The high Pb burden might result from consuming Chinese herbal medicines, even though marginal significance ( p = 0.05).

A similar trend was seen among participating mothers, where the correlation between level of participation and change in physical HRQOL scores almost reached significance ( r = 0.42, p = 0.05), but not for fathers.

However, the DQI-I scores showed significant variation across BMI categories ( p = 0.019), with post-hoc analysis indicating a borderline significant difference between underweight and overweight participants ( p = 0.050).

However, no significant relationship was found between the helpless approach and the submissive approach and the total needs score, and only a weakly significant relationship was found with the support sub-dimension ( r =-0.109, p < 0.05 for the helpless approach; r = 0.105, p < 0.05 for the submissive approach).

Results The findings reveal a highly significant primary cluster ( p -value < 0.05) located in the western regions of the Gilan province, spanning from July 2013 to July 2015 ( p -value < 0.05).

Complete tooth loss showed a trend toward an association with CKD (adjusted OR: 1.30; 95% CI: 1.00–1.69; p = 0.050), and oral health-related eating difficulty was associated with higher odds of CKD (adjusted OR: 2.06; 95% CI: 1.45–2.93).

HIV-exposed infants whose mothers tested HIV-negative or were not tested during pregnancy or not taking ART during pregnancy were at increased risk of MTCT, as was starting infant antiretroviral prophylaxis after 72 h and incomplete antiretroviral treatment/prophylaxis (lack of anitretrovirals in either mother or baby or both), however these variables did not reach statistical significance ( p < 0.05).

Additionally, vitamin A intake was higher in the TAC2 group and was marginally significant ( P < 0.05).

Similarly, social vulnerability predicted poorer ability to find good health information (β = –0.07, SE = 0.03, 95% CI: –0.13, –0.01, p = 0.029), which was linked to lower BFSE through a marginally significant indirect pathway (β = –0.31, SE = 0.16, 95% CI: –0.62, 0.00, p = 0.050).

When the APC > 0 and P < 0.05, it indicates an increasing trend, while when APC < 0 and P < 0.05, it indicates a decreasing trend.

Regarding the interaction variable including Space no significant effect was seen for men, and the positive departure from additivity effect was borderline significant for women ( p = 0.05, RERI = −0.57, 95% CI = −1.13 to −0.01).

We also observed a positive trend between women with the higher levels of hs-CRP and increased odds of skin lesions (drinking water As, p = 0.05; toenail As, p = 0.08) compared to women with the lowest levels of hs-CRP (aOR water As = 2.32, 95 % CI: 1.00, 5.37; aOR toenail As = 2.03, 95 % CI: 0.85, 4.87).

HIV-infected participants showed significantly lower adherence to the intervention, approaching significance ( p = 0.05).

The interaction coefficient was negative and marginally significant (β = −0.378, t = − 1.97, p = 0.050), indicating that as snacking frequency increased, the positive effect of health literacy on healthy lifestyle awareness weakened.

There was also a marginally significant difference ( p =.05) in flourishing scores between the workers aged 55 to 64 years and those aged 65 years or older, favoring the latter group.