Excerpts

Our interpretation of the absence of significant correlations of single GB methylation levels with OS but a highly significant summarized GB methylation measure (i.e., the ratio of high/low methylated to intermediate methylated GBs, described here as MDF and MUMF) is that this measure indicates a malignant epigenetic phenotype dysregulating the whole transcriptional process in the cell but not tumor suppressor genes or oncogenes predominantly.

Accordingly, there was a borderline significant favorable survival outcome for BRAF mutant patients treated with ipilimumab and nivolumab in the first line setting, compared to BRAF WT; HR for OS was 0.5 (95% CI 0.22–1.13, p = 0.096) and HR for PFS was 0.53 (95% CI 0.27–1.03, p = 0.061). 3.4.7.

Our analysis of the TCGA RNA-Seq data revealed a clear trend towards DYRK1A downregulation in tumor tissues, with a significant downregulation of DYRK1A in 11 out of the 15 tumor types considered ( Table S1 ): colon (COADREAD), esophagus (ESCA), HNSCC, kidney (KIRP and KIRC), liver (LIHC), lung (LUSC and LUAD), stomach (STAD), thyroid (THCA) and uterus (UCEC).

This is an interesting finding and may suggest that—in addition to conventional features, such as grade, nodal status, and ER status—cytokeratin expression may be significant in the role of response to PET.

S3 used in combination with Docetaxel showed a clear trend towards increased inhibition compared to each single treatment, although data did not reach statistical significance ( Figure 8 A).

However, miRNA-103 showed a trend towards up-regulation in high-grade ovarian cancer samples (mean RQ for cancer—1.24, lower quartile—0.67, upper quartile—1.66; mean RQ for controls—0.77, lower quartile—0.63, upper quartile—0.94; p = 0.07).

Furthermore, a multicenter nationwide study conducted using asymptomatic Korean adults between 2015 and 2016 showed that although there was a decreasing trend of HP seropositivity from 1998 to 2015, the HP seroprevalence was still higher than 50% of the population [ 41 ].

ALK-positive patients showed a trend toward improved median PFS when receiving bevacizumab as part of either the pemetrexed–platinum combination or maintenance therapy (9.5 versus 5.5 months without bevacizumab; p = 0.087).

When adjusted for CD4+ count and HIV load, the odds of having oral warts for those on HAART + NNRTI alone showed a non-significant association, but for those on HAART + PI there was a highly significant association, which also suggested that HAART use increased oral warts [ 8 ].

In other cell types, we also observed a positive trend between higher expression of the 18-gene signature and lower sensitivity to navitoclax, but this reached statistical significance only in lung cancer ( N = 107 cell lines) ( Figure 7 C and S6C ). 2.8.

These findings suggest that independent of socioeconomic or environmental factors, there may be significant variations in the underlying tumor biology and differential mechanisms by which endometrial cancer propagates.

All methods revealed a definite trend to rising CTC counts with advancing tumour burden.

Regarding 12-months OS rate, the RIT group shows a clear trend for a better OS.

Significant inverse association was observed between total plasma carotenoid concentrations and oxidative stress measured by urinary 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) while only modest significance was shown for 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (8-iso-PGF2α).

Treatment with mevalonate alone showed a trend toward further tumor growth relative to the control group; the addition of mevalonate to metformin treatment induced a significant increase in tumor growth compared to metformin treatment alone, indicating that mevalonate could reverse the tumor-suppressing effect of metformin ( Figure 4 B–D).

From our data, BRAF mutation showed a trend towards poor DFS, despite not statistically significant ( Table 2 ).

Therefore, irAEs can be therapeutically detrimental with an increasing trend of combo therapies, considering that the related toxicity needs to be controlled without impairing the ideal anti-tumor effect of ICIs.

Similarly, VEGF-A expression in the MM cells showed an increasing trend.

Tumors formed by Mgrn1 -KO B16-F10 cells had lower mitotic indices, fewer Ki67-positive cells and showed a trend towards smaller size.

The effect of the genotype was highly significant for patients with pleural mesothelioma but not for patients with peritoneal mesothelioma and remained significant after adjusting for gender and age at diagnosis.

In this case, we observed a highly significant increase in the number of TNTs (as illustrated in Figure 3 a–d and summarized in Figure 3 e).

The differences between LEM-I and LEM-IV [ 85 , 86 ], LEM and Kanai model [ 87 , 88 ], and between the current models used in clinics and those under development [ 81 , 89 ] are quite significant.

We observed that crizotinib treatment led to profound changes in miRNA expression profiles, with a strong trend in miRNA downregulation: we found 89 under-expressed miRNAs versus 15 over-expressed miRNAs.

The BCL-2/XL/W inhibitor (ABT263) combined with MDM2 inhibitor (HDM201) showed a trend for a synergistic effect in the PDX models [ 106 ].

In comparison to 24 h incubation, the cytotoxicity shows an increasing trend when cells were incubated with the drug for longer durations at 48 h and 72 h.