Excerpts

This increase was significant against the audiovisual incongruent condition, but only marginally significant against the visual control.

When participants' RT, μ, and τ in congruent and incongruent trials were separately fitted into the regression models, the results were all in the predicted direction and consistent with those reported for overall RT, even though not all of the effects approached significance (e.g., the relationship between L2 proficiency and μ in congruent trials, see Table 2 ).

Shift-workers’ alertness trend recorded in the work place is comparable to the one reported in controlled laboratory conditions, i.e., an increasing trend across the day, reaching its maximum in the afternoon, decreasing thereafter, first slowly, then steadily to reach its minimum between 02:00 and 06:00 ( Cariou et al., 2008 ).

No main or interaction effects approached significance.

It would be important to gather more data to identify a clear trend.

However, it should be noted that, the spatial cueing effect of inverted face was only marginally significant in the previous study.

Computation of Trend Estimates in PISA In the literature on trend analysis in international large-scale assessments, the original trend is distinguished from a marginal trend ( Gebhardt and Adams, 2007 ; see also Carstensen, 2013 ; Sachse et al., 2016 ).

In panel C, there is a decreasing trend in the PBA mode, but the trend in the CBA mode remains constant.

It is evident that the average item difficulty of this group decreased significantly from 2003 to 2012 (−0.18 to 0.01 = −0.19 logits), indicating that there was a positive trend in mathematics over the 9 years.

While the effect of piano practicing was most pronounced for music, it also generalized to other stimulus classes such as sinewave speech and to a marginally significant degree to natural speech. multisensory temporal synchrony audiovisual integration plasticity speech music Critically, we also observed main effects of stimulus class and group, as well as an interaction between stimulus class and group.

Our results did not show any differences between males and females for RPE, EC, and VO 2 ; however, BF was significantly higher in females, and HR and V E were close to significance level.

In continuation of this, it is also possible that our large sample of patients with MDD and healthy controls has transformed small differences in affective memory bias into borderline significant differences.

There may be a temptation to think the p of 0.817 represents very strong evidence for the null; it is “very non-significant.” In fact, a p -value per se does not provide evidence for the null, no matter “how non-significant” it is ( Fisher, 1935 ; Royall, 1997 ).

Much of this literature suggests that, despite initial skepticism (Mischel, 1968 ), many personality traits bear statistically and practically significant relations with important real-world behavioral outcomes.

Because none of the interactions approached significance ( p s > 0.20), these were removed from the final model.

The conceptual framework underlying narrative therapy ( White and Epston, 1989 ) and narrative exposure therapy ( Neuner et al., 2002 ) is to view the collection of life events that a person has experienced as a library of personal stories and to recognize that a certain number of these stories may be significant determinants of identity, commonly known in the PTSD literature as “self-defining memories” (e.g., Conway and Pleydell-Pearce, 2000 ; Sutherland and Bryant, 2005 ; Singer et al., 2013 ).

Specifically, older children had higher Accurate Complete Recall and Total Recall scores at both interviews ( r s ≥ 0.42, p s ≤ 0.031), and lower Recall Error scores at both interviews ( r s ≤ −0.38, p s ≤ 0.06), although the association with 1-week Recall Errors was only marginally significant.

Follow-up analyses suggested that it was easier for participants to choose a piece of chocolate when presented with few rather than a lot of alternatives, but this effect was only marginally significant.

In terms of confidence ratings for each test, the effect was significant or marginally significant, with higher scores in the 2D map-assisted field navigation learning group.

In summary, there were clearly significant factors driving down performance in our experiment compared to the SoloBARD experiment, and there may have been an interaction effect that contributed one way or the other to our effect sizes.

Age of exposure and contextual diversity had marginally significant positive coefficients (0.03 and 0.15), indicating that later first exposure or appearing with more other items predicts higher responses.

Similarly, a marginally significant positive correlation was observed with affective empathy.

Although we expected that the strength of cross-modal attention effects would depend on whether sounds are task irrelevant or actively attended to, we only found a statistical trend toward that result.

Results showed that in 4-years-old children good performances in false belief tasks were significantly correlated with the tendency to delay to share in the choice between one sticker now or one each later, and close to significance with the tendency to delay to share in the choice between one sticker self now or one each later.

As for the academic result, a negative trend is observed, with significant differences between those who do not work and those who do it.