Excerpts

The proportion of male underestimators were also greater at age 10 compared to at age 8 ( z = 5.40, p < 0.001), suggesting a clear trend toward more underestimating with increasing age.

To formally verify differences in the mothers’ use of MSL categories as a function of children’s age, we performed a MANOVA (multivariate analysis of variance) that has showed a significant difference in the use of communicative terms [ F (2,27) = 4.498; p = 0.021; η 2 = 0.44] with a decreasing trend: mothers of younger children utilized more communicative terms ( M = 25.93, SD = 11.70) than mother of the 5.05-year-old children ( M = 20.03, SD = 10.19) and the 5.11-year-old children ( M = 12.17, SD = 8.15).

Because it has already been reported that repetition of the Type 2 task could affect reaction time in the Simon task, and because we had hypothesized a priori that there would be a significant difference between the groups, post hoc tests for the three-way interaction were conducted, and the result was marginally statistically significant.

The total effect of regulatory non-fit on disengagement is positive and close to significance (PE = 0.13, SE = 0.07 7 ), i.e., non-fit relates to stronger withdrawal from work.

Yet, there are also quite significant differences, suggesting disparate views of what a successful academic career, or successful academic progression, means.

Although results regarding the duration of the last fixation on the ball showed only marginally significant differences, we argue that the duration of the last fixation did not decrease with the higher salience of the distractor (the goalkeeper) because of a further need for visual processing, but because shorter durations reflected some kind of allocation of attention toward the distal target and the goalkeeper.

In every analysis, a probability of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant ( * ) and less than 0.01 as highly significant ( ** ).

The main effect of modality [ F (1, 38) = 4.020, p = 0.052, η2 = 0.096] approached significance with the activity of CS generally higher for static ( M = 0.007, SE = 0.047) than dynamic [ M = −0.094, SE = 0.050] facial expressions.

( 2013 ) showed a decreasing trend of statistical persistence in the acceleration time series with maturation, from birth to 2–3 months of age.

Significant differences were subjected to multiple comparisons using Bonferroni's highly significant difference to understand the nature of the differences.

Differences between negative and neutral sounds almost reached significance.

The experience of negative emotions during the morning was positively related to the experience of stress during the afternoon, albeit only marginally significant (β = 0.36, CI 95% = [−0.01; 0.72], CI 90% = [0.05; 0.66]).

Sleep during restricted conditions also preserved performance compared with an equivalent daytime period at a level that approached significance.

Both groups showed marginally significant LAN-like components at DP1 position for O in comparison with S.

Based on the previous findings ( Shek and Lin, 2016a , b ), we expected that there would be an increasing trend in adolescent risk and delinquent behavior (Hypothesis 1a) and problem behavioral intention (Hypothesis 1b) over time.

In addition, researchers have pointed out that a non-significant correlation between the needs for autonomy and prosocial behavior with a negative parameter estimate approaching significance may indicate suppression effects ( Maassen and Bakker, 2001 ; Morgan, 2016 ), which means that although the satisfaction of autonomy needs at school did not directly influence children’s prosocial behavior, it still could influence prosocial behavior through potential mediators ( MacKinnon, 2008 ; Quoidbach et al., 2010 ; Wen and Ye, 2014 ; Morgan, 2016 ).

It is note-worthy that while all the Pearson correlations are highly significant (all p s < 0.001), only a few partial correlations are significant.

However, because of its prominence in daily life and the substantial cumulative effect, the examination of perceived chronic social adversity and its symptomatic sequelae is theoretically and practically significant, and we believe it is a critical source of common psychological distress or difficulty.

Teacher ratings approached significance at posttreatment and at a 4-month follow-up in the area of initiative.

The results of the Egger's test were significant or marginally significant for total ADHD symptoms, inattention, and hyperactivity/impulsivity outcomes (Supplementary Table 9 ).

In contrast, for the IS group (see Figures 4 , 5B ), the results of the paired t -tests showed that there were no significant mean WM-related [oxy-Hb] or [deoxy-Hb] changes on any of the 16 channels (FDR-corrected; p s > 0.003), although marginally significant mean [oxy-Hb] (ch7-10; uncorrected; t s from −2.96 to −2.16, p s from 0.008 to 0.044) or [deoxy-Hb] changes (ch4,16; uncorrected; t s from 2.31 to 2.52, p s from 0.021 to 0.032) were found on some channels.

On the impact of SMA lesions on WM The results indicated that SMA lesions indeed compromised WM and that such a deficit could not be reduced to PS difficulties even though patients showed a trend toward slower PS compared to controls.

The main effects of retention interval and enactment gave large Bayes Factors, indicating substantial evidence against the null hypothesis which is complementary to the highly significant effects in the traditional ANOVA presented above.

As regards the Distress Thermometer, analyses revealed a marginally significant main effect of Time and significant interactions of Time * Age and Time * Gender (Table 3 and Figure 4 ).

Proactive control showed a trend of improvement after an 8-week mindfulness practice for the training group; however, enhanced reactive control for the training and control groups could not be attributed directly to the 8-week mindfulness practice.