Excerpts

Notably, the variable representing cognitive ability was not even close to significance.

When data from that study were fit to the quadratic model, a highly significant linear component was found, as expected and reported in Wlotko and Federmeier ( 2012a ), but the quadratic term was not significant.

(2005) found a moderately significant correlation between K and the Visual Memory Span from the WMS-R battery ( Härting et al., 2000 ).

Partial correlations revealed that age, family income, and IQ were marginally significant predictors ( p s < 0.10).

Thus, the association between duration of music training and IQ was near-significant when demographic variables were held constant, although it was weaker than in previous correlational studies with older children (Schellenberg, 2006 , 2011a ; Corrigall et al., 2013 ) and in a quasi-experiment with same-age children (Schellenberg and Mankarious, 2012 ).

In the second step of the model, above and beyond covariates, there was, there was a significant main effect of cumulative biomedical risk and a marginally significant main effect of maternal responsivity on social cognition.

No other effects reached the 0.10 level of marginal significance.

All remaining main effects and interactions, including the main effect of participants’ hearing status [ F (1, 49) = 0.067, p = 0.80, η p 2 = 0.001], were not significant or only marginally significant.

There was a numerical trend for RVF items to be recognized more than LVF items but this difference did not reach significance [ F (1,21) = 2.06], nor did VF interact with cloze bins [ F (2,42) = 0.13].

The expected negative relationship between acting with awareness and general distress was supported (Hypothesis 6), although it was only marginally significant.

To interpret the marginal significance in the main effect of task-irrelevant hair attractiveness in F main , we investigated the possible influence of task order on the attractiveness leakage from hair to face by conducting a two-way ANOVA on the ratings in F main with task-order as the between-participant factor and task-irrelevant hair attractiveness as the within-participant factor.

This same tree would appear for staggering, which showed a trend toward departing from the Z-path.

We computed four a priori contrasts, of which only significant or marginally significant contrasts are reported.

The word length effect was larger for the dyslexic group than for the control group, but reached significance only in the analysis of the duration of the ILIs and in the analysis of errors (in written latencies this effect was marginally significant).

Lastly, there were no differences in the degree of pitch variation (average SD) between Black-primed ( M = 35.39, SD = 14.13) and White-primed participants ( M = 41.30, SD = 27.53), t (36) = 0.87, p = 0.39; d = -0.27, but a marginally significant difference was found in minimum pitch, with Black-primed participants ( M = 83.35, SD = 20.39) having a lower minimum pitch than White-primed participants ( M = 100.17, SD = 35.69), t (36) = 1.81, p = 0.08; d = -0.58.

Note that, by accepting this conclusion, one is not leaving the probabilistic paradigm: conditional probabilities figure as a highly significant predictor in MOAB as well.

At PAS = WG there is a clear trend toward high true positive rate and low false positive rate, indicating substantially improved discriminatory power, however with four subjects demonstrating a tendency to underperform on the visual task (false positive rate exceeding 30%).

Although, values showed an increasing trend across the age groups, differences did not reach statistical significance (Figure 2 ).

The only relationship that approached significance was a negative correlation with Fantasy, suggesting that people with high IA tend not put themselves in the position of characters in books and films, which might perhaps reflect good self/other distinction.

A similar effect almost reached significance for the comparison of the human versus ambiguous faces.

Finally, for fear, the pretend items were significantly more intense overall than the genuine items, t (25) = 5.55, p < 0.001; and for these stimuli even adults could not discriminate authenticity above chance (indeed, they showed a trend in the opposite direction, i.e., toward perceiving the pretend item as more authentic than the genuine one).

These results suggest a strong trend for Ghanaians and African Americans to both produce scores indicating higher disgust and contamination sensitivities (Williams and Turkheimer, 2007 : mean Padua total score for Whites = 7.08, mean Padua total score for Blacks = 11.84; this study: mean Padua total score for Ghanaians = 16.35).

The second match against Ghana ended as a draw and the data showed no significant difference in well-being between soccer spectators and non-spectators ( d = 0.06), although a mild trend toward lower spectators’ well-being became apparent.

For example, the choice of the first variable may have been based on a marginal trend in the data, but may have a large effect on the subsequent choices.

Rhythm Reproduction Task East African rhythms were reproduced more accurately than Western rhythms [main effect of rhythm type: F (1,38) = 18.00, p < 0.001], and there was a marginally significant effect of group, suggesting that North American participants reproduced more rhythms accurately than East African participants did [main effect of group: F (1,38) = 3.63, p = 0.064] However, there was also a significant interaction between group and rhythm type [ F (1,38) = 5.5, p = 0.024].