Excerpts

Counter-Movement Jump Statistical analysis revealed significant main effects of MCP (F [2,22] = 4.19, p = 0.03, η p 2 = 0.28, large effect) and condition (F [1,11] = 3.85, p = 0.08, borderline significant, η p 2 = 0.26, large effect), while the condition × MCP interaction was not significant (F [2,22] = 2.22, p = 0.13, η p 2 = 0.17, large effect).

Analysis of more recent trends revealed concerning patterns: data from the past five years indicated an increasing trend in dietary sodium exposure, with one notable exception: adults aged 50–69 years (both sexes) showed a consistent decreasing trend since 2017 ( Supplementary Figure S1 ).

This reciprocal interaction suggests that the balance between NF-κB-driven inflammation and PPAR-α-mediated mitochondrial lipid oxidation may be significant for the progression from metabolic stress to endothelial dysfunction and the consequent cardiorenal injury.

The cereal–tuber–legume pattern showed a marginally significant overall association ( p -overall = 0.089) but a significant nonlinear relationship ( p -nonlinear = 0.046), with IDS risk increasing gradually and peaking within a score range of approximately 1–2.5 ( Figure 4 b).

By contrast, in the fully adjusted model, Q4 was associated with a higher risk of reduced HDL-C than Q1 [HR (95% CI) = 1.32 (1.04–1.67), p = 0.025], with a significant trend across quartiles ( p for trend = 0.043).

Our data suggest a specific vulnerability in female sex that, although at the margin of statistical significance in this exploratory sample, aligns with documented gender disparities in social isolation and psychological burden during lockdowns.

Table 10 shows the predictor variables which exhibited statistically significant or nearly significant associations with the studied health benefits.

Finally, given the relatively small number of transitional milk samples, findings in this subgroup, especially those with marginal significance, should be regarded as preliminary and warrant replication in larger cohorts.

In contrast, RD, 1-kestose, and FOP showed a trend toward a lower glucose response but did not significantly differ from the RM control.

In contrast, the DP-M+FU combination showed a trend effect by restoring naïve T cells to 11.72 ± 3.77% and elevating Tcm cells to 8.42 ± 1.52%.

Compared with Q1, the adjusted ORs were 0.86 (95% CI: 0.67–1.12) for Q2, 0.74 (95% CI: 0.56–0.97) for Q3, and 0.62 (95% CI: 0.46–0.82) for Q4, with a significant trend across quartiles ( p for trend < 0.001).

NEC incidence was highest in the control (60%), IV arginine (64%), and oral citrulline (62.5%) groups, while donor human milk showed a trend toward lower NEC incidence [ 40 ].

Crucially, the VLCD intervention was associated with a highly significant within-group reduction in parameters of permanent chromosomal damage, effectively halving the frequencies of micronuclei and nuclear buds, independent of baseline variations, in adjusted multivariate regression models.

When stratified by sex, this difference showed a tendency towards significance in men ( p adj. = 0.075), but not in women ( p adj. = 0.729).

However, none of the individual predictors reached statistical significance at the p < 0.05 level: number of IVF attempts (β = −0.118; p = 0.395), age (β = 0.253; p = 0.070), and BMI (β = 0.272; p = 0.052), although age and BMI showed a trend approaching statistical significance. 3.3.

Although some analyses did not demonstrate statistically significant evidence for a clear improvement in the quality of oocytes and embryos, many studies indicate a positive trend in this area.

Research suggests that MI therapy in women with PCOS results in better fertilization rates and a clear trend to a better embryo quality [ 42 ].

After BSP60 intervention, the Shannon index in the L-BSP60 group was significantly higher than that in the MC group ( p < 0.05), while the Simpson index displayed a decreasing trend.

Compared with the CON group, dietary DHM supplementation altered the relative abundance of dominant phyla, with a decreasing trend in Bacillota and an increasing trend in Bacteroidota, resulting in a lower Bacillota/Bacteroidota ratio.

In adults with overweight or obesity, fruit-filled biscuits sweetened with neotame reduced the postprandial incremental area under the curve for insulin (insulin iAUC) compared with sucrose, whereas postprandial glucose showed only a decreasing trend without statistical significance and no significant differences were observed in composite appetite score, explicit liking, implicit wanting, ghrelin, GLP-1, or pancreatic polypeptide [ 74 ].

Although a slight trend toward slower tumor progression was observed in the IPCAE-treated animals during the first treatment days, this effect was transient and accompanied by marked systemic toxicity after day 15.

In this cohort 6.5% of women took a vitamin D-containing supplement, a factor that was borderline significant for vitamin D status, and only 3 women met the UK dietary recommendation of 10 μg/day.

Interestingly, CRP, a common marker of inflammation, failed to show a significant trend in this study.

The second regression controlled the girls’ BMI in the first block and found that it resulted in a marginally significant model that accounted for 4% of the variance.

There was a significant trend for PTH concentrations to decrease according to the categories of 25 (OH) D shown in Table 1 ; a comparison of the PTH at 50–125 nmol/L 25(OH)D to those >125 nmol/L suggested no difference between the two ( p = 0.45).