Excerpts

However, if multiple etiological agents are contributing to an observed trend, it is likely that the nature of nonstationarity in the time series is complex.

Since the Monte Carlo testing procedure is dependent on the total number of events in the time series n G , it is insensitive to an increasing trend within the time series.

This difference is highly significant (see Table 1 , 2 ), indicating that a slight disparity can have a huge influence on the N270.

After correcting for multiple testing, none of these pairs showed nominally significant evidence of interaction in the WTCCC data ( File S1 Supporting Table 2) for the SNP pairs from Analysis 1 (p min = 0.0041; α≈0.05/47≈0.0011), Analysis 2 (p min = 0.0392; α≈0.05/49≈0.001), Analysis 3a (p min = 0.006; α≈0.05/45≈0.001) or Analysis 3b (p min = 0.012; α≈0.05/50≈0.001).

We performed pair-wise SNP interaction testing in three Analyses, first requiring that both potentially interacting SNPs have highly significant effects on CHD risk or CV risk factors (Analysis 1), then relaxing this requirement for one of the SNPs, requiring that it be at least moderately associated with MI (p≤0.001; Analysis 2), and finally requiring that both SNPs have only moderate (p≤0.001) or weak (p≤0.01) marginal association with MI (Analyses 3a and 3b, respectively).

Within this monophyletic group 3 highly significant sub-clades (A, B and C) encompassing 2 or 3 Rumanians and a variable number of Italian isolates (from two to nine each) were identified.

The differences in slopes between HC and patient groups were highly significant for all ROIs (p-values are in Table 2 ).

Interestingly, a procedure-related shortening of CTs (P = 0.087) and a procedure-related increase of MCF (P = 0.055) at maximum suction compared to initial supine rest showed a tendency towards significance ( Table 1 ).

When electrical stimulation was applied to U-46619-treated cPLA 2 α+/+ slices there was a highly significant dilation response when compared to arterioles that were treated with U-46619 but not electrically stimulated ( Figure 5B ).

In lymphocyte cell RNA, from individuals of known rs11573156 genotype, there was no allelic RNA expression difference for exons 5 and 6, but G allele carriers (n = 7) showed a trend to lower exon 1–2 expression compared to CC individuals.

However, the trend for lower serum BDNF levels across quartiles of treadmill test duration approached significance (p-trend = 0.06).

Elevated air humidity significantly reduced height, stem diameter and stem volume increments and transpiration of the trees whereas these effects remained highly significant also after considering the side effects from soil-related confounders within the 2.7 ha study area.

The treatment effect on foliar nutrient concentrations differed between the study years ( Table 4 ) and most of these effects were marginally significant ( q <0.05) through both study years except [K] L , which was substantially ( q <0.01) higher in H plots ( Fig. 4d ).

Özener [9] also found a nonsignificant trend for women to have larger WHR than men in a Turkish student population.

Food intake showed a slight trend to be lower in Gpr12 KO mice when assessed simultaneously with energy expenditure ( Figure 2C ).

However, immunization with TcpF+CTB was highly protective and showed a trend toward greater protection than immunization with CTB alone (82% vs 64% survival).

In the present study this differential association with receptor status is statistically significant in European studies (and remains after adjustment for rs12662670) but is not quite significant in Asians which may be due to a lack of power attributable to the comparatively small number of Asian individuals involved in our study ( Table 3 ).

Any two-way interaction that was significant (α = 0.05) or approaching significance (<.10) was followed up with direct examinations of the underlying effects of interest, that is, potential differences between the two sessions (corresponding to on and off treatment for the patient groups) separately for each group and for each verb-type or object-type.

Associations between the presence and abundance BRI, and the presence and abundance AMBI were highly significant, with correlation coefficients of 0.99 and 0.81, respectively.

We noted a clear trend of decreasing expression of mouse genes related with insulin receptor signaling pathway in pancreases of the diabetic mice compared with the healthy control ( Fig. 7A ).

The median UIC in the different age groups are listed in Table 7 ; all were in the range 100–199 μg/L (adequate iodine nutrition), but there was a decreasing trend with age.

However, a small but highly significant percentage of variation was explained by differences among populations within regions (1.72%) and by differences between regions (0.92%), confirming the geographic structuring of populations.

For example, when sex showed a trend in the overall model, we ran separate models for each sex.

There was a slight trend for Collembola to be richer in the calcareous than in the acidic soil type, with a weak climate-soil interaction ( Table 3 ).

When using the erythromycin-resistant strain JY53 that displayed a 100-fold higher MIC, combination treatment with the two agents at the same concentrations was somewhat less effective but still caused a bactericidal activity significantly higher than the additive killing of each agent alone ( P <0.05), which could be increased to complete eradication of the bacterial inoculum when 300 μg/ml erythromycin ( P <0.001) was used together with 50 μg/mL HAMLET, a highly significant synergy in killing of erythromycin-resistant pneumococci ( Figure 2D ).