Excerpts

The Durbin Wu Hausman test indicates no evidence of endogeneity at the 5% significance level; however, marginal significance at the 10 percent level suggests potential endogeneity.

This relationship is practically significant, as the formation of magnetite enhances the chemical stability of the sediment and imparts a dark color, expanding their potential for further applications, such as pigment materials.

Field trials with organic maize conducted over two consecutive years in Germany showed a trend toward improved plant growth following the application of specifically designed microbial consortia (MCs), and a significant yield response to organic fertilization with potato protein liquid 26 .

Another notable change is that as age, glucose and BMI increase, there is a slight trend for heart rate to increase.

Interestingly, most cue designs followed a clear trend where cue designs with larger areas had lower frequency (Spearman’s \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{

Additionally, compared with participants with a BMI ≥ 24 kg/m2, those with a BMI < 24 kg/m2 showed a trend toward higher urinary NDMA levels [0.08 (N.D.~5.20) ng/mg Cr] (Table S4 ).

For n > 10, the standardized test statistic Zs​ is computed as: 6 \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\:{\mathrm{Z}}_{\mathrm{s}}\left\{\begin{array}{c}\frac{\mathrm{s}-1}{{\upsigma\:}}\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:if\:\:S>0\\\:0\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:if\:S=0\\\:\frac{\mathrm{s}+1}{{\upsigma\:}}\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:if\:\:S<0\end{array}\right.$$\end{document} A positive Zs shows an increasing trend while negative Zs indicates a decreasing trend and 0 no trend.

}_{\mathrm{s}}\left\{\begin{array}{c}\frac{\mathrm{s}-1}{{\upsigma\:}}\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:if\:\:S>0\\\:0\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:if\:S=0\\\:\frac{\mathrm{s}+1}{{\upsigma\:}}\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:if\:\:S<0\end{array}\right.$$\end{document} A positive Zs shows an increasing trend while negative Zs indicates a decreasing trend and 0 no trend.

Thus, also in terms of PEA, the awareness of an error did not influence behavioural adjustments (despite a small trend indicating that PEA might be larger after detected than undetected errors).

8 showed that the 238 U concentration in soil across varying pH ranges showed a clear trend: mean 238 U concentrations increased with pH, ranged from 74.12 ppb in strongly acidic soils (pH < 5.0) to 119.86 ppb in alkaline soils (pH > 8.0), with an overall mean of 94.87 ppb.

Direct comparison of the IgG2a to IgG1 titers demonstrated a highly significant increase in the WT and XBB1.5 S-specific IgG2a/IgG1 ratios for TP2A (mean endpoint titers WT S-protein: 1:192.000 (IgG2a), 1:30.400 (IgG1), IgG2a/IgG1 ratio = 6,32 ( p < 0.0001); mean endpoint titer XBB1.5 S-protein: 1:164.000 (IgG2a), 1:9.225 (IgG1), IgG2a/IgG1 ratio = 17,78 ( p < 0.0001)).

“Additionally, SHBG was significantly and inversely associated with abdominal radiodensity although a negative trend was presented for abdominal muscle index.” now reads: “Additionally, SHBG was significantly and inversely associated with abdominal radiodensity.” The original Article has been corrected.

Although these differences in ORR did not reach statistical significance (Chi-square p = 0.08, likely due to limited power), a numerical trend is evident.

Moderate deficiency (10–20) showed a strong trend toward worse OS that narrowly missed significance.

Since multiple correlation analyses were performed without adjustment for multiple comparisons, borderline significant results should be interpreted with caution.

Term infants showed a higher change in oxyhaemoglobin concentration ( ∆ HbO) than preterm infants in the right inferior-frontal region (IF), being marginally significant in the first time window and significant in the second time window for the full face condition (non-parametric, p = 0.051 and 0.019 , respectively; significance would be lost if FDR is applied to correct for multiple comparisons); and in the left IF region during the second time window ( F(1,46) = 4.662, p group = 0.036 , main effect) while follow-up analyses showed no group difference within each condition.

All fitted lines showed a highly significant linear correlation (R 2 > 0.98), indicating that the adopted dynamic model and calculation method have considerable reliability.

There is a clear trend of technology fusion in medical image segmentation.

An increasing trend of the occurrence and spatial extension of compound events was detected in heat events, with hotspot in southeast of China, while the decreasing trend was found in cold events.

Under SSP585 scenario, the annual growth rate in Southeast China is more than 20 times per year, and even 40 times per year in some part of China, while most of Northwest China show a decreasing trend, and some areas will decrease by more than 10 times per year.

The results showed that seed germination increased with temperature increment, reached the maximum at 20.5 °C, and then revealed a decreasing trend (Fig. 5 a).

There is a decreasing trend in reaction to stress.

Figure 6 shows that as the midpoint of the maternal BMI interval increases, the mean Y-chromosome concentration exhibits a decreasing trend, visually confirming the negative correlation between BMI and Y-chromosome concentration.

The volcano plot illustrates the distribution of differential expression, highlighting the clear separation of highly significant DEGs from the bulk of non-significant genes.

4 a), which means SM showed a decreasing trend in most regions.