“highly significant”

As previously noted, a larger proportion of pairs have a TMRCA under 8 months in Sheffield relative to London (24% versus 4%), and overall the London pairs have an average TMRCA of 4.4 years compared to 1.5 years for the Sheffield pairs, with the difference being highly significant (KWT, P < 1 × 10 −15 ).

The differences in temporal variability are highly significant (medians for sources vs. sinks, 0.022 vs. 0.016, p < 10 −15 , two-sided Wilcoxon rank-sum test).

Analyzing the AMΦ data with linear models to control for batch effects, we found a highly significant effect of CSE concentration (p < 10 −15 ) on phagocytosis.

The enrichment of functionally characterized sites within the group of AcP‐insensitive sites is highly significant ( p = 1e −15 , Fisher exact test).

There was a highly significant overlap of 502 differential interactions between replicates ( P < 10 −15 , odds ratio of 5.25 for 224 increased interactions and 9.96 for 278 decreased interactions) ( Fig. 2B ).

12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\chi_{9}^{2} = 75 + 225 = 300$$\end{document} χ 9 2 = 75 + 225 = 300 , a highly significant test (P < 10 −15 ).

The optimal values of a = 0 and b = 4,790 resulted in a highly significant model fit ( F = 44.94, df = 4, 51, P < 10 –15 ) with an r 2 value of 0.78, and the selected regions overlap the ddPCR probe locations ( figs. 1 and 2 ).

Due to large sample sizes, all obtained P values for context/subcontext comparisons are highly significant ( P < 10 −15 ) for all observations mentioned in our study.

The resulting clusters were a highly significant predictor of MIC ( p < 10 −15 ; Table 1 (A)) showing that genomically similar isolates tend to have similar MIC values.

Of 17,566 detected genes, we identified 1,080 highly significant differentially expressed genes upon viral stimulation (p<1.00E −15 , FDR<1.00E −14 ), including various immune function and inflammation-related genes, genes involved in cell signaling, cell regulation and transcription, and genes with unknown function.

We observed highly significant ( P < 1 × 10 −15 , binomial test) enrichment of conserved miRNA binding sites among genes that currently share experimental evidence for neural 3′ UTR extensions in both mouse and human ( Fig. 7B ; Supplemental Table S7).

All three pairwise within-individual differences between wake, NREM, and REM slopes were highly significant ( p < 10 −15 matched-pair t tests) and similar results were obtained for C3-M2 (Extended Data Figs. 1-2 , 1-3 ).

We observe a 8% depletion of fragile codons in single-exon genes that is highly significant ( p <10 −15 , Wilcoxon rank sum test; Table 1 ).

Interestingly, we found a highly significant overlap between genes repressed in daGAL4 > UAS-dInR DN and those activated upon removal of dfoxo in that genetic context ( P <10 −15 ), while the overlap between genes activated in daGAL4 > UAS-dInR DN and repressed upon dfoxo deletion was marginally significant ( P =0.01).

Chi-square analyses indicated highly significant associations (females p<10 −15 ; males p<10 −18 ) between experimental temperature and the percentages of rhythmic, weakly rhythmic, and arrhythmic adults.

Moreover, we found that BMAL1 binds in accessible and transcriptionally active chromatin regions, as 83% of the sites are located near genes that are expressed (defined as expressed above the median in RNA-Seq liver data [41] ; Figure S3A ; see Materials and Methods ), which represents a highly significant fraction ( p <10 −15 , rank test).

These differences in substitution rates between exonic and AR sequences are highly significant ( P < 10 -15 , two-sided Mann-Whitney (MW) test) and are consistent with a fraction of the ncRNA exons having evolved under selective constraint.

This test was highly significant for all four types (charge, volume, polarity and Grantham distance) of coevolving groups ( p -values < 10 -15 ).

Interchromosomal locus-locus contacts The interchromosomal contact frequencies in the structure population are correlated with those observed in experiments, with an average Pearson's correlation of 0.54, which is highly significant ( P < 10 −15 ) ( Fig. 3E,F ; Supplemental Fig. 2D).

Quantification of glial nuclear basket ::GFP levels normalized to the oil vehicle control (1.0 ± 0.029, n = 13; 10 nuclei averaged per data point) shows a highly significant ~ 200% mean nuclear elevation following critical period EB experience (1.904 ± 0.030, n = 17; t (28) = 21.24, p < 1.0 × 10 −15 , two-tailed unpaired t- test; Fig. 5 B).

The 5' ends can be seen to be much less variable than the 3' ends, a difference that is highly significant ( p < 10 -15 , Wilcoxon rank-sum).

Stepwise analysis of the multivariate model resulted in a highly significant ( F 11,1571 = 16.86, P < 10 −15 ) equation with eight additive directional terms (LINE, R.CALL, R.VOL, R.CHIRP, R.V.PULSE/CHIRP, R.V.CHIRP.W, R.IPULSE.W), one stabilizing term (PULSE, labeled as S.PULSE in the equation) and three interactions (LINExR.VOL, LINExR.CHIRP, LINExR.IPULSE.W).

The 737 shared downregulated genes were enriched in GI pathways ( Figure 3E ), and this overlap was highly significant by hypergeometric test ( P < 1 × 10 –15 ; ~5-fold enrichment) ( 65 ).

2c and Supplementary Data 2 ); pairwise comparisons were likewise highly significant ( n = 398 and 753, respectively, both p < 10 –15 ; Supplementary Fig. 4 ).

Figure 2b shows the correlation between image memorability and IT population response magnitudes, which was strong and highly significant (Pearson correlation: r = 0.68; p=1×10 −15 ).