“nominally significant”

All loci identified here were directionally consistent, nominally significant with “rapid3” and/or “CKDi25” (one-sided P<0.05) and two were genome-wide significant for rapid3 or CKDi25 ( UMOD - PDILT , PRKAG2 - GALNTL5 ).

Some nominally significant correlations (uncorrected p < 0.05) were also observed in AN and BN groups (details in the Online Supplementary Material, Tables S1-S3).

Almost all these genes showed a tendency towards downregulation at T3, and 9 of them exhibited a nominally significant decrease of expression after surgery (P<0.05).

Among these, all genes met FDR <0.05 in Group 1, 563 of 585 in Group 2, and none in the lineage-balanced Group 3, though all remained nominally significant ( p < 0.05).

Fourteen out of twenty-eight selected SNPs showed nominally significant associations at p <0.05 with different dimension-specific quantitative assessments of psychotic experiences but each failed to meet statistical significance post correction for multiple testing ( p <0.0008; one-tailed).

In addition, 26 dSVs and 51 vSVs showed nominally significant heritability ( P < 0.05), with an average h 2 of 0.28 and 0.41, respectively (Supplementary Tables 4 and 5 ).

Using a one-sided Fisher exact test we tested for over representation of significant meQTL SNPs in nominally significant GWAS associations ( p -value < 0.05) using GWAS data from the CARDIoGRAM consortium for CHD [ 20 ] and the DIAGRAM consortium for T2D [ 18 ].

To identify metabolomic biomarkers independent of conventional risk factors including DKD, metabolites remaining nominally significant ( p <0.05) after further adjusting for CKD and severely increased albuminuria were assessed for the prognostic value.

Genes showing nominally significant correlations ( P < 0.05) were considered behavior-associated candidates in this exploratory analysis.

There were less genes indicated from cord blood, peripheral blood or saliva samples collected later in life from twins, therefore GO term analysis indicated only nominally significant processes (with p-values < 0.05 but FDR corrected p-values > 0.1), highlighting phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction, axon guidance and other cell proliferation processes.

Other nominally significant changes ( P <0.05; not FDR-corrected) for this region included increased degree, participation index and reduced local efficiency.

Of the 1,291 adult BMI variants compared, 395 variants (31%) were nominally significant ( p < 0.05) and 949 (74%) displayed directionally consistent associations with childhood BMI, which was far greater than would be expected by chance ( p < 0.001) ( Table S6 ).

Pearson correlation and group-based comparisons identified ten compounds with nominally significant associations associated with CDH2 expression ( p < 0.05) ( Figure 10 ).

One hundred sixty of 282 (56.73%) of nominally significant associations ( P < 0.05) were reproduced with the original effect direction.

Among 15 associations with more than two instrumental variables (9 metabolites, 7 FinnGen outcomes), seven associations (3 metabolites, 6 outcomes) remained nominally significant ( P -value < 0.05) in MRPRESSO outlier test.

The second analysis mirrored attempts to replicate the pattern previously suggested for multiple sclerosis, 13 – 16 that is, finding a nominally significant ( p < 0.05) excess of births in March, April, or May and/or a nominally significant ( p < 0.05) deficit in November, December, or January.

Additionally, we observed a range of nominally significant associations ( P < 0.05) with traits spanning reproductive/hormonal traits (such as polyp of female genital tract and female genital prolapse), metabolic traits such as inverse relation with HbA1c, and positive correlations with neoplasms such as breast and bowel cancer ( Supplementary Fig.

In patients with moderate or severe DED ( n = 53), PL9643 treatment demonstrated either nominally significant ( P < 0.05) or trending ( P < 0.1) improvement over placebo in mean change from baseline at week 12/day 85 in several sign endpoints, including fluorescein staining in inferior, superior, corneal sum, and total sum regions; Lissamine Green staining in temporal, nasal, conjunctival sum, and total sum regions; and tear film breakup time.

Excess significance bias We did a test for excess significance to determine whether the number of studies with nominally significant results (P<0.05) was higher than expected, based on statistical power. 32 Small study effects We used Egger's regression asymmetry test to detect potential small study effects, whereby smaller studies sometimes show different, often larger, effect estimates than large studies. 33 Largest study significance We assessed whether effect estimates from the largest original research article (that is, the study with the highest participant count) included in the pooled analyses had a P value below 0.05.

39 A raw P value < 0.05 is considered nominally significant, and a corrected P value < 0.05 is considered statistically significant.

However, the ADL scale had a nominally significant ( p ‐value <0.05) association with total cerebellar volume and cervical spinal cord CSA (Table S4 ).

The presented additional file 3 indicate the power to find nominally significant associations (p < 0.05) given analysis settings used for the estimation of effect sizes shown in Tables 1 and 2 .

Tier 1 findings included putative causal associations from the main analysis, which were directionally consistent, at least nominally significant in all analyses and showed no evidence of pleiotropy, that is, the Egger intercept P value >0.05, whereas tier 2 included the remainder of putative causal associations from the main analysis.

Among the pAIDs examined where the SNP- h 2 estimates were at least nominally significant ( P <0.05), T1D and juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) were the most highly heritable ( Fig. 1b ).

Nevertheless, the sign and estimates of the effect sizes were all consistent, and most of the relevant associations were found nominally significant (P < 0.05).