Excerpts

Furthermore, there may be significant group differences in teachers’ autonomous learning ability.

Meanwhile, although this effect is highly significant statistically, from the perspective of effect size, it is only at a medium level ( Cohen, 1988 ), indicating that organizational support is not the only or decisive factor for professional recognition.

Although the strength of this association was only marginally significant, it is in accordance with a robust body of research linking socioeconomic disadvantage to poorer literacy outcomes ( Buckingham et al., 2014 ; Noble et al., 2015 ; Pan et al., 2005 ; Romeo et al., 2022 ).

Purpose With the rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) computing power, the creation and development of human-AI collaborative teams have become a significant trend in organizational development.

Highly significant increases were recorded between pre- and post-test scores in all investigated items of the theory of planned behavior scales and the TPACK short scale.

According to the critical review by Tang (2019) on attitudes toward work in Chinese Generation Z, there has been a significant trend toward individualism, while Confucian cultural roots remain strong in this population.

First, the highly significant positive relationship between AI literacy and critical evaluation of AI (β = 0.893, f 2 = 3.916) builds upon the digital literacy literature by proving how AI literacy can impact evaluative actions performed toward specific outputs created by the use of the generative, probabilistic LLMs -a uniquely different challenge which cannot be fully covered by generic digital literacy approaches ( Oates and Johnson, 2025 ).

For L2 readers, the effect of sentence well-formedness did not reach conventional levels of statistical significance [ Kruskal–Wallis χ 2 (1) = 3.63, p = 0.057], indicating only a marginal trend toward reduced accuracy for violated sentences.

This is a positive trend, as sports training can have a positive impact on both the physical and mental development of children ( Liersch et al., 2025 ; Yakushina et al., 2024 ; Ríos-Garit et al., 2024 ).

Consequently, AI-driven games demonstrate a positive trend in application and implementation for autistic children, leveraging advanced technological frameworks to deepen practical applications and expand existing theoretical research.

In summary, although there was a slight trend toward baseline differences among children of different left-behind types, the chained mediation pathway through which physical exercise is associated with mental health demonstrated stability across groups, and conducting a combined overall mediation analysis is both scientifically sound and reasonable.

On the low level of favoritism, children demonstrated a decreasing trend in the percentage of participants for both parents (83.57%) and close peers (74.29%), and it was also found that there was a decrease in the percentage of participation for close peers in the low level of favoritism compared to the medium level of favoritism items ( Table 3 ).

As shown in Table 5 , after correcting for measurement errors, both main effects remained highly significant.

Under different language and cultural backgrounds, cultural and social factors profoundly shape attitudinal expressions, and there may be significant differences in the expression and understanding of attitudinal meaning.

To further test these associations, LMMs were fitted including a random intercept for school: results did not confirm the association between years of teaching and scores on BPO or BP’s values, but a positive association that approached significance was found between teaching hours per week and “Education of children over time” (cf.

The same dimension of Closeness with a WD pupil was positively correlated with years of teaching ( r = 0.24, p = 0.05), showing a marginally significant association.

The arousal of the stronger adjective was only marginally significant in the full model, while the valence of both the weak and strong adjectives were not significant predictors, suggesting minimal impact of valence on SI derivation.

The findings, presented in columns (3) and (4) of Table 8 , indicate that in regions with abundant health care resources, the influence of higher education on public environmental perception is negligible, while in regions with limited health care resources, this influence is markedly significant. 6.5.

For HNR, there was a negative trend for the ND group relative to the ASD group, but the credible interval included zero (see Table 4 ).

3.2.4 Summary of narrative findings Across the three comparator categories, combined treatment (rTMS + CBT/iCBT/MBCT) generally showed a trend toward better outcomes than each single-treatment approach.

This visual representation highlights a clear trend: the estimated probabilities are generally much lower for students who did not achieve a B+ or higher.

The non-significant direct effect, coupled with the highly significant total indirect effect (Estimate = 0.990, 95% CI [0.944, 1.035]), empirically confirms a state of full mediation.

Prevalence of psychological distress The observed prevalence of depressive symptoms (33.51%) and anxiety symptoms (10.07%) reflects a worrying trend among healthcare-related students.

However, the inclusion of the targeted gender belief dimensions in the final block (Block 3) produced highly significant overall models for both emotion regulation strategies.

The marginal p -value of 0.062 suggests a near-significant upward trend with cumulative usage.