Excerpts

Values of p < 0.01 was considered highly significant and p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. 5.

Pathway Analysis The proteins expressing a nominally significant difference ( p < 0.05) between the AD and the control groups were investigated using the expression analysis workflow in Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (Qiagen, Venlo, The Netherlands).

ODN_PKA treatment, on the other hand, showed a trend towards increased number of apoptotic cells (2.1-fold change versus control, p > 0.05), which was slightly enhanced by combined treatment with ODN_AR and ODN_PKA (2.6-fold change versus control).

Differences were considered significant and extremely significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively.

Of these 20 metabolites, only five showed nominally significant univariate differences between ME/CFS cases and controls (indole-3-propionic acid, aminomalonate, ornithine, leucine, and succinic acid; all p < 0.05), while the majority—including proline and indole-3-lactate, the constituents of the top-ranked interaction term—did not reach univariate significance in isolation ( p = 0.777 and p = 0.237, respectively).

Data in Figure 3 indicate highly significant changes in gene expression profile at p < 0.05.

Although the rescue patterns in liver models were less pronounced than those seen in prostate and breast cells, Eb still showed modest protective effects, with modest significance emerging in specific comparisons ( p < 0.05).

LV2 treatment caused a partially significant shift toward less negative GP values, with statistical significance observed for most concentrations ( p < 0.05–0.0001), while the DMSO control also showed a small but statistically significant effect ( p = 0.019).

With respect to wound-healing responses, BC-CFS enhanced the expression of the regenerative mediators Notch2, CCN1 (CCN family member 1) and DAGKc domain-containing protein, with highly significant increases ( p < 0.05, p < 0.001 and p < 0.01, respectively). 2.6.

Despite limited overlap at the single-metabolite level between the two overall OC outcomes, we observed greater concordance at the pathway level: among nominally significant pathways (raw p < 0.05), arginine and proline metabolism and beta-alanine metabolism overlapped across the two outcomes ( Figure 1 E; Supplementary Table S4 ).

A total of 205 miRNA risk factor associations were found to be nominally significant ( p < 0.05).

The expression of GRM1 mRNA in hypothalamic tissue was significantly higher than in pituitary and ovarian tissues, and exhibited higher expression during the estrous period compared to the non-estrous period, with these differences being highly significant ( p > 0.05) ( Figure 1 ). 2.2.

Although the correlation analysis revealed a positive trend between CXCL8 expression and EBMP cell proportion in ITP patients, this association did not reach statistical significance ( Figure 5 G, p > 0.05).

For each AD–cancer pair, we prioritized genes that were nominally significant in both traits ( p < 0.05) and exhibited inverse TWAS Z scores.

Compared to the control groups, the miR-374b-5p mimic group showed a significant reduction in Vegfc mRNA expression ( Figure 1 E, p < 0.01), whereas the inhibitor group exhibited a nonsignificant trend toward increased Vegfc expression ( Figure 1 E, p > 0.05).

BOP showed a trend toward reduction in the omega-3 group, although the confidence intervals crossed the null value, and heterogeneity emerged at three months ( p < 0.05) ( Figure 11 A,B).

There was also a moderately significant difference ( p = 0.05) in tetraantennary glycans—higher in women with PCOS compared to healthy controls ( Figure 1 M,N). 2.4.

Whenever applicable, a gene should show nominal significance (unadjusted p -value ≤ 0.05) and a concordant directionality for the effect estimate in sensitivity analyses, including the weighted median, MR-Egger, and MR-PRESSO, while the MR-Egger intercept should not be nominally significant ( p -value ≥ 0.05).

Compared with the LPS group, the AEE group showed an increasing trend in the content of the Firmicutes ( p > 0.05) and a decreasing trend in the abundance of the Bacteroidetes ( p > 0.05) ( Figure 12 D). 2.11.2.

Although no individual lipid species remained significant after Benjamini–Hochberg false discovery rate correction, the lipid alterations showed systematic class-level trend which was significant for several lipid classes under Fisher’s combined probability test (as seen in Figure 1 ), and therefore, species-level results are still reported as nominally significant (unadjusted p < 0.05).

While PPRH2 showed a trend toward greater single-agent activity, these differences were statistically significant only when comparing DOTAP to PPRH2 ( p < 0.05) and Sc9 to PPRH2 ( p < 0.01) ( Figure 3 A), indicating that this concentration was appropriately sub-cytotoxic for combination studies.

Significant differences and highly significant differences were considered at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively. 5.

Regarding correlations with laboratory parameters, we noted a strong significant positive correlation between gal-4 and AST activity (R = 0.42; p < 0.0001) and an almost significant relation with ALT activity (R = 0.25, p = 0.05) ( Figure 2 b).

Although the results failed to achieve statistical significance, rats treated with CDNF or RADA16-I alone showed a trend toward reduced infarct volume (post hoc p > 0.05).

In contrast, although the free Dex SC group showed a trend towards arthritis reduction, the difference from the positive control group was not significant ( p > 0.05).