It should be emphasized that this effect cannot be attributed solely to the anti-amyloidogenic activity of resveratrol, as a clear trend towards reduced numbers of activated microglia of the same plaque size was observed in resveratrol-treated mice compared with untreated controls [ 15 ].
Correlations with Maternal Characteristics The correlation analysis revealed several moderately significant associations between milk metabolites and maternal anthropometric parameters across lactation stages.
Although this difference was only moderately significant statistically, it may hold clinical relevance, as chronic energy deficiency during pregnancy can lead to adaptive changes in hematopoiesis and disturbances in erythropoiesis [ 18 , 42 ].
Additionally, those who were depressed were more likely to be food insecure, however the association was only marginally significant.
Despite very limited, a slight association with PGA also emerged for age (β = 0.172, p = 0.075, 95% CI [−0.002–0.041]), suggesting a possible trend towards higher severity scores in the elderly population.
Results: ProGAS significantly improved students’ dietary diversity, meal frequency, handwashing with soap, and nutrition knowledge, alongside a positive trend in school attendance.
This raises a key question: does elevated choline intake improve DHA status in the mother and fetus during pregnancy by increasing PEMT activity? In a randomized controlled trial of 30 pregnant women, supplementation with 550 mg of choline and 200 mg DHA per day from 12 to 16 weeks of gestation until delivery significantly increased maternal plasma phosphatidylcholine–DHA and plasma DHA concentrations at delivery in addition to a positive trend on newborn biomarkers of DHA status [ 24 ].
The interaction term of “SCFA × ethnicity” was significant ( p = 0.02): the OR for the association between total SCFAs and CRC risk was 0.71 (95% CrI: 0.58–0.85) in Europeans, 0.86 (95% CrI: 0.73–1.01, marginally significant) in Asians, and African Americans had the lowest fecal SCFA levels (2.1 ± 0.8 mmol/L) and the highest CRC risk (OR = 0.92, 95% CrI: 0.70–1.21, with a wide confidence interval due to sample size limitation) (see Figure 2 for the Bayesian multi-dimensional stratified forest plot of the association between SCFAs and CRC/A-CRA risks).
Anthropometric Predictors: Weight, height, and BMI all exhibited marginally significant effects on the Global Score.
In another study, changes in BP after UGN administration showed a decreasing trend, although no significant changes were observed [ 40 ].
In terms of muscle diameter, D-gal group showed a trend of decreased diameter than the control group in soleus.
Although the interaction term between menopausal status and salt intake became marginally significant ( p for interaction = 0.061) under the independent structure, the overall interpretation remained unchanged, supporting the robustness of the findings ( Supplementary Figure S1 ).
HD duration showed a decreasing trend across quartiles, although this did not reach statistical significance ( p = 0.051), while the proportion of males, history of CVD, DM, and smoking history did not differ significantly among quartiles.
However, one-way ANOVA comparing NaDESs and conventional ethanol–water extracts revealed no significant differences in TPC ( p > 0.05), although a clear trend toward improved extraction with NaDESs was observed.
All of the metabolites mentioned above were observed to decline or show a decreasing trend following alcohol consumption in LFD and HFD-fed mice ( Figure 6 F–I).
Moreover, TH showed a trend for further improvement in Group 2, but did not reach statistical significance ( p = 0.096; Table 3 ).
However, since the GWAS was deemed exploratory, we also considered SNPs with p -values below 5 × 10 −5 as suggestive of significance.
n = 29 in the normal muscle mass group) prevented detection of statistically significant differences in vascular parameters, despite a numerical trend (Cohen’s d = 0.328) suggesting potential clinical relevance.
In a 2-year study of 89 European postmenopausal women with or at risk for osteoporosis, soymilk supplementation alone prevented lumbar spine bone loss, and a nonsignificant trend toward greater BMD gain in equol producers (+2.8%) compared with non-producers (+0.6%) [ 47 ].
Although not all intergroup comparisons reached statistical significance, correlations between glycemic status, IL-6, and elastographic stiffness approached significance, suggesting a latent pathophysiological relationship [ 27 , 28 ].
Follow-up duration showed a small but statistically significant positive coefficient (coefficient = 0.01, 95% CI: −0.01 to 0.01, p = 0.011), suggesting a possible trend toward higher HbA1c with longer follow-up.
While the 2003 study [ 28 ] reported a highly significant effect, the present study (Bokayeva et al.) showed a non-significant effect.
This is supported in meta-analyses and systematic reviews that demonstrate an overall trend, suggesting that higher coffee consumption correlates with decreased depression severity [ 33 , 34 ].
However, EPA that showed a trend toward higher levels (1.5-fold), while the ω 6/ ω 3 ratio displayed a decreasing trend (0.78fold) in FH patients with history of CVE.
Although a numerical trend showing reduced IL-6 expression was observed across all three active treatment arms (CLX 20 mg/kg, SPG 50 mg/kg, SPG 100 mg/kg), these differences did not achieve statistical significance relative to the Control group.