Excerpts

The study participants who took the synbiotic for 12 weeks exhibited a highly significant decrease of 2.57% in their waist circumference compared to their baseline measurements, while a 0.92% increase in waist circumference was observed in the placebo group.

High levels of sTfR also showed a significant trend towards increased risk of IGM and T2DM.

Statistical Analysis A value of p < 0.05 and a value of p < 0.01 were considered significant and highly significant differences, respectively.

However, a 28% lower risk of CED was observed in those who consumed eggs at a higher frequency (HR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.55–0.95) and a significant trend for the association ( p for trend = 0.012) in a multivariable model in men.

Studies have found a positive Zn–Se correlation between diet and urine, and Zn–Se has a highly significant correlation in urine [ 52 ].

Furthermore, although the 9-SNP uGRS was not alone associated with glucose in our sample, it did present a nominally significant interaction with the protein-rich “Eggs and Fibers” dietary pattern (consisting of non-refined cereals, vegetables and eggs) in increasing logGlucose levels (Model 2: β = 0.00883, p -value = 0.0132).

Our study also suggested an increasing trend in PTH with bone growth at 4–6 years of age.

Additionally, ARFI elastography showed a trend to improve (by 20%), but due to a wide dispersion of data, change was not significant ( Table 4 ).

These measurements were repeated after 26 weeks of use of monacolin K reporting a significant reduction in FLI, while HIS and ARFI had only a nonsignificant trend to improvement.

Weight, BMI, and protein intake were borderline significant in the PP analysis while they were non-significant in the ITT analysis, indicating the potential positive impact of the iNutrition intervention on these outcomes.

The MgCC and HEA groups showed a decreasing trend in iNOS protein content, and their effects were significantly better than those of the UCC group ( p < 0.05).

This is further borne out in our findings of similar 25OHD 2 concentrations among participants, regardless of varying vitamin D status as opposed to an increasing trend of 25OHD 3 concentrations among participants across vitamin D status categories from deficiency to sufficiency.

A study published in 2019 showed that after 132 infants aged 3.5–6 months were randomly treated with formula milk powder containing mixed probiotics or placebo for 4 weeks, the fecal sIgA level in the probiotic group was higher, and the saliva sIgA also showed an increasing trend [ 37 ], suggesting that the intervention effect of mixed probiotics is also more obvious for fecal sIgA.

A decreasing trend of mucus thickness was observed at 18 months compared with 12 months, which may be due to the beginning of aging in mice starting from 18 months of age.

Participants with a poverty–income ratio (PIR) less than 2 showed an increasing trend in the DII grouping, while those with a PIR greater than 2 showed the opposite.

HFD-induced obesity led to many (209) metabolite changes compared to lean rats, including a highly significant increase in the tryptophan catabolite and NMDA agonist [ 103 ] quinolinic acid.

In contrast, the pairwise comparison of the percentage of daily energy intake of either carbohydrates or fiber were highly significant compared to the WD ( Figure 3 E,F).

Furthermore, in the current study, low levels of maternal vitamin B12 (<20th percentile) during early pregnancy evidenced a statistical trend toward association with offspring childhood autism.

A previous meta-analysis showed a weak trend towards a reduced risk of SGA in mothers with higher adherence to the healthy dietary pattern, while no association was evident for the risk of LGA [ 61 ].

Individuals in the highest quartile had a 1.40 times higher likelihood of having depression, with marginal significance (95% confidence intervals (CIs) = 1.00–1.96).

There was a significant trend across quintiles ( p for trend < 0.0001), and the association was significant when AHEI-2010 was treated as a continuous variable with 12% lower prevalence of high sleep apnea score per 10-point increase in AHEI-2010 (PRR [95% CI] per SD [10.0] increase: 0.88 [0.81, 0.95]).

Furthermore, except for Megasphaera and Dialister , the rest of the shared genera (8 of 10) clustered together in the gut and showed exceedingly significant correlations with plasma metabolites, especially Furaneol (M0153), Maltitol (M0147), Gly−Leu (M0351), S1P, and DL-Arginine (M0063), each of which significantly correlated with all eight shared genera ( Figure 4 C).

This difference was apparent from the IC 50 values, with an IC 50 for PC-DHA 2.6 times lower than that for MAG-DHA (67 μM and 173 μM, respectively).

The result of KNHANES 2013–2018 analysis showed that the proportion of elderly people who had chewing difficulty was 43.2%, which showed a decreasing trend compared to the results for 2013 (47.7%) [ 8 ] and 2007–2010 (54.3%) [ 7 ].

It has been shown that the rostral substantia nigra regions of PD patients showed a trend towards decreased MI and total creatine (creatine + phosphocreatine, tCr) ratio compared with healthy controls whereas in the caudal substantia nigra regions the MI/Cr ratios were increased in PD patients compared with healthy controls [ 87 , 88 ].