Furthermore, on day 8, there was a strong trend for a generalized reinstatement effect (main effect of time) in absence of an interaction with stimulus, again as for FPS, suggesting a generalized non-differential reinstatement of fear.
Results Single Life History Traits The effect of the species on seed germination was only marginally significant, with A. liliago showing a higher germination rate (18.33%) than A. ramosum in the open habitat (9.53%).
3 ) indicated that there were highly significant between-year correlations for the three observed traits, r = 0.9212, 0.6395 and 0.5586 for heading date, biomass yield and plant height, respectively.
An obvious trend of biomass decrease was observed in the two years with increase of the original latitude, except for the abnormal growth without successful reproductive stage of the accessions from Hainan (<20°N) ( Fig. 4c ).
All scores were converted to T-scores corrected for age, education, and gender according to the FrSBe administration manual [ 25 ], T-scores < 60 are considered normal; scores of 60-64 are considered of borderline significance, and scores of 65 or above are considered clinically significant.
The p-value < 0.05 was regarded as significant whereas p-value < 0.01 and < 0.001 as highly significant.
Excess winter mortality ranged from 21.5% in 2006/2007 to 31.4% in 2003/2004 but did not show a clear trend ( Table 3 ).
Another indicator of past performance, namely, time to PhD completion, is barely significant, increasing time to tenure by a little over 3 months (0.27 years).
Finally, another indicator of social embeddedness, overlapping with mobility, is inbreeding (lack of mobility between the PhD-granting university and the university granting tenure [ 16 , 17 ]); staying in the same university for the whole career could have the effect of reinforcing the relations with the local environment, and previous studies for Spanish researchers found that inbred faculty were at a relative advantage of getting early tenure compared to the non-inbred, although the relationship was barely statistically significant [ 47 ].
At 4 weeks, SCC implants showed a trend toward increased PCNA positive cells compared to fresh SCC cells/mm 2 tissue) supporting continued proliferation throughout engraftment.
Finally, the democracy-autocracy variable is marginally significant and negative in both specifications, suggesting that more democracy is associated with lower coverage, but none of the other governance or inequality variables have significant associations with piped water coverage.
The count of doxorubicin-specific fluorescence spot among the four groups showed a trend of change similar to the trend seen in doxorubicin penetration distance ( Table 1 ).
In addition, using the highest effective dose (20ng/ml), we found that SCF alone or SCF+G-CSF induced significant enhancement of neurite outgrowth, whereas G-CSF alone only showed a trend toward increased neurite extension but did not reach a significant level ( Figure 2G-K ).
Cumulative analysis of significant correlation differences between cases and controls for eliciting dysregulated biological coordination within and between pathways To test the hypothesis of dysregulated biological coordination in response to pathophysiological stimuli, we computed the observed number of nominally significant correlation differences between cases and controls, i.e. .
Furthermore, the HCV RdRp activity within cells (with no other HCV proteins present) has been recently shown to be highly significant in generating innate immune responses in liver cells, in causing liver damage and in mediating pro-inflamatory responses that lead to tumorigenesis in both in vitro and in vivo mice models [32] , [33] .
For statistical evaluation we set P<0.05 as significant, P<0.01 as very significant and P<0.001 as extremely significant.
Regardless, forager honey bees infected with IAPV at day 2 post-injection showed a trend of foraging earlier in the morning compared to that of the control group.
In our study, high cord levels of TNF-α were associated with decreased risk of severe malaria, although this association was only marginally significant.
Aim 2: Effect of feeding regime on male development and morphology There was a significant difference between the H and L treatments in fixed male size, body condition and wing size, and the difference in development time and antennal length approached significance (see Table 1 ).
In this study, there was a significant trend/difference in development and morphology for males and females as a result of juvenile feeding treatment, however, its effect on the fitness components measured for males was much greater than on those measured for females.
The trend toward reduced prevalence of dental decay in obese children was highly significant considering either permanent or primary teeth.
The data from stroke participants also showed a trend similar to neurologically intact participants.
However, in this case, the adjusted P value was nearly significant ( P adjusted = 0.071177) so the relatively small sample size of 8D subgroup might be the main reason for the negative result.
Second, although there was a highly significant predictive relationship between training group and mean standardized grade for GTA lab section, lab grades were only part of the total grade; it is therefore unclear to what degree this treatment might predict improvement in student grades.
Generally, ages ≥50 years were associated with an increased risk; a clear trend was observed in 19 cohorts, with the strongest evidence in the levothyroxine cohort for warfarin concomitance (aORs 2.75 [95% CI 2.10-3.61], 6.99 [95% CI 5.38-9.07], and 11.26 [95% CI 8.66-14.63] in the three age groups, respectively, vs the <50 years class).