Excerpts

Statistically, Welch’s ANOVA showed highly significant group effects for SCD and SCA ( p = 6.78 × 10 −20 and 3.58 × 10 −30 ), with L.D. scaffolds exhibiting larger SCD, SCA, and CSPD values than their seaweeds (all p < 0.001), consistent with structural expansion following decellularization.

Being unmarried was associated with a highly significant increase in the likelihood of smoking (odds ratio = 2.920, 95%CI = 2.3–3.7, P = 8.8E-20).

The association signal was also highly significant when analysis was confined to B-cell ALL (combined OR = 1.73, 95% CI: 1.61 – 1.85; P = 9.31 x 10 -20 ; Table 1 , Supplementary Table 1 ). rs6944602 and rs6964823 which map to the 3’ UTR and intron 7 of IKZF1 (50,441,245 bps and 50,427,590 bps; Fig. 1 ; Supplementary Fig. 4 ), also displayed statistical support for an association at 7p12.2 at genome-wide threshold ( P = 6.02 x 10 -14 and 3.43 x 10 -15 respectively). rs4132601, rs6964823 and rs6944602 map to a 27.3kb block of linkage disequilibrium (LD).

In Cluster 1, the most highly significant GO term was cellular nitrogen compound metabolic process ( p -value= 9.44E-20), followed by small molecule metabolic process ( p -value= 8.68E-15) and biosynthetic process ( p -value= 9.03E-14).

The associations with voice disturbance (string instrument players: OR = 1.44 (95% CI = 1.36–1.52), P = 4.6 × 10 −19 ; and keyboard players: OR = 1.58 (95% CI = 1.50–1.65, P = 2.9 × 10 −31 )) and other vocal cord‐related phenotypes (e.g., diseases of the larynx and the vocal cords) remained highly significant (string instrument players: OR = 1.42 (95% CI = 1.34–1.49), P = 9.9 × 10 −20 ; and keyboard players: OR = 1.54 (95% CI = 1.47–1.61), P = 3.2 × 10 −31 )), indicating that there are likely more individuals in the dataset who are vocalists but for whom this is not noted in their chart.

GO analysis of those common repressed genes once again revealed highly significant enrichment (13-fold enrichment; P -value <10 −19 ) in genes involved in DNA repair pathways (Table 2 ).

We obtained that the two methods are statistically highly significant compared to the constant model (P~10 −19 and 10 −23 , for Lasso and Elastic net, respectively).

This analysis revealed a class of highly significant motifs correlated with open chromatin that were common to both host and graft cells and a variety of other myeloid cells ( p < 10e−20) such as CTCF, SPI1, and Runx binding motifs (Supplementary Fig. 7b ).

In the Y-chromosome analysis, we detect previously unappreciated geographic variation across the LBK ( Extended Figure 3 ) (a χ 2 205,42 =183 test for heterogeneity is highly significant at P <10 −19 ), with haplogroup G dominant in the Slovakian, German, and Hungarian LBK; haplogroup C in the Austrian_LBK; and the majority of the Hungary_ALPC individuals with haplogroup I (36%), associated with Mesolithic populations such as those of the Iron Gates regions of Serbia and Romania 20 , 31 .

A linear mixed effects model showed a highly significant effect of disease (F (1,90) = 136.14, p = 1.05e-19) but no significant effect of pathway (F(2,90) = 0.40, p = 0.67), and no significant interaction between pathway and disease (F (2,90) = 0.51, p = 0.60).

Although statistical limitations, such as non-normality and heteroscedasticity, were detected (Shapiro-Wilk, Levene), the highly significant ANOVA result (p = 1.13E-19) validates the clinical relevance of the observed differences [ 11 ].

One notes that at 2 and 8 years cannabidiol has a positive and independently highly significant effect (β-estimate = 1.84 (1.44, 2.23), P = 1.2 × 10 − 19 and β-estimate = 8.51 (6.96, 10.07), P = 8.06 × 10 − 27 respectively) In interactive cannabinoid panel models cannabidiol is again positively related to ovarian cancer rates at both zero and two years lag (Supplementary Table 13 , Excel sheet “ST1 Ov plm IR”)).

As before, we calculated the Spearman correlation for the ranked, but still unbinned, data and found that there is a relatively weak but highly significant correlation indicating that high connectivity genes are more evolutionarily conserved (R = -0.15, p value = 1.3 × 10 -19 , for the DD network; R = -0.22, p value < 1.4 × 10 -39 for ER network; and R = -0.18, p value = 4.0 × 10 -29 for the CC network).

Compared to our dataset, 72 common peptides in 45 proteins were identified and the overlap is highly significant (hypergeometric p = 1.4 e −19 ).

The upregulated pathways derived from the gene expression data showed a highly significant overlap with pathways derived from the genotype data (33 of 56 gene sets, hypergeometric P = 1.49×10 –19 ).

The overlap is highly significant with 21 of 36 known NSM genes represented in the NSM-enriched data set (p = 1.6×e −19 ) and an additional 13 genes that are detected at ≥1 FPKM ( Table S2 ).

Using the underlying direct GO terms to quantify this overlap reveals that the enrichment of GO terms that are shared as being diagnostic for death in both species is highly significant ( p = 1.6 x 10 −19 ).

Using a standard burden test for non-ultra-rare variants with minor allele count 10 or less and controlling for covariates, we observed no statistically significant enrichment of disruptive and damaging variants in schizophrenia cases compared to controls ( P = 0.59), wheareas the same test was highly significant when restricted to URVs ( P = 1.7 × 10 −19 , without controlling for exome-wide enrichment) ( Supplementary Table 8 ).

Lastly, for TGA1, a well-studied TF in N signaling 26 – 28 , we observed a large and highly significant overlap (600 genes, p value = 1.78E−19, Fisher’s exact test) of direct regulated targets identified in root cells using the TARGET system, compared to DE genes resulting from TGA1 overexpression in roots of whole plants (Supplementary Data 4 and Supplementary Fig. 7 ) (see Methods).

The same SNPs also showed highly significant associations HDL levels (rs12708967 p = 1.8E −19 ) ( Table S5 B).

Both sets of SNPs exhibited highly significant enrichment of rheumatoid arthritis GWAS signal relative to control SNPs (p = 2 × 10 −19 (resting), and p = 3 × 10 −14 (stimulation only); Fig. 6a ).

All overlaps were highly significant ( p = 2.15 –19 , p = 5.57 –26 , p = 4.85 –159 , and p = 0.00000 respectively).

In our analyses, both miR-204 and miR-30d were identified as highly significant (p < 2.349 × 10 −19 ) microRNAs and expressed at higher levels in adult human islets (8.4-cycles or 2 8.4 = 338-fold higher for miR-204 and 2.5-cycles or 2 2.5 = 5.7-fold higher for miR-30d; Table S2 ).

Association results between TC PRS and TC response to statins were highly significant ( p -value < 2.51e−19) and directionally concordant with LDL-C results.

The correlation analysis revealed a moderate yet highly significant positive association (Pearson coefficient 0.319, p = 2.59E-19).