Excerpts

The Checkmate 9LA trial ( 82 ) investigated the benefit of nivolumab plus ipilimumab and two cycles of chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone for patients with advanced NSCLC, and despite the benefit observed in overall survival for the entire cohort in the experimental arm, the subgroup analysis of never-smokers showed a trend towards better outcome with chemotherapy alone, with an OS HR 1.14 (0.66 - 1.97).

In addition, we observed a nonsignificant trend for Tc1 cells to increase with disease duration.

Despite no significant difference in RFS or OS detected between patients with pathologically or model-predicted confirmed GPC-3 expression, Kaplan–Meier survival curves still showed a trend wise longer survival in patients with GPC-3-negative HCC.

However, there was also an increasing trend in T cells visible, including T helper cells and/or regulatory T cells (CD4+) and cytotoxic T cells (CD8+), in progressive disease patients.

The establishment of a glioma prognosis prediction model based on transcriptome data combined with clinical data can improve the prediction ability to a certain extent, which has highly significant clinical significance.

The immune score/ESTIMATE score among the three molecular subtypes in each cohort also showed highly significant differences, with p values all <0.0001.

And increased CD3 and CD8 showed a trend towards improved OS ( 11 ).

For the expression of HDFRP3, unfortunately, we only got a negative trend with CD8 (r = -0.2559), but without significant statistical significance, probably due to the small sample size.

In addition, TNFα alone showed a trend to increase MCF7 cell apoptosis, although the increase of AnnV + PI −/+ apoptotic cells did not reach statistical significance ( Figure 7A ).

The inclusion of either AlOH or SWE showed a strong trend towards higher MERS SClamp-specific antibody titers above that seen following immunization with MERS SClamp alone (AlOH = 8.3-fold, P = >0.99; SWE = 41.5-fold, P = 0.66).

Multivariate regression analysis using same confounding factors for the humoral response showed a clear trend for an association with the cellular response to SARS CoV-2 infection as well.

Differentially expressed immune-related gene (DEIRG) enrichment analysis also showed a trend that the gene sets in patients with a good prognosis were enriched in lymphocyte-related functions, while those with a poor prognosis were enriched in neutrophil-related functions.

Inclusion of other nominally significant DEGs in a polygenic score did not substantially increase predictive capacity ( Supplementary Figure S6 ).

Although not significant, a decreasing trend was also observed in the frequency of IFN-γ + and IL-2 producing CD4 + T-cells ( Figures 7B , C ).

IL-10, GM-CSF, and IL-6 increased later and showed an increasing trend over time.

Meanwhile, combining pGSN with IL-6 (AUC=0.904; p=0.003) showed a more significant ability to predict mild COVID-19 and IP-10 (AUC=0.754; p=0.065), HGF (AUC=0.746; p=0.075) and TGF-β1 (AUC=0.765; p=0.078) demonstrated a trend toward significance ( Figure 5A ; Supplementary Figure S4C ) .

Mild COVID-19 patients had significantly high pGSN/IL-6 amongst all the multi-analyte markers following day 4 of symptoms onset compared with moderate and severe COVID-19 patients, and pGSN/IP-10 and pGSN/HGF showed a trend toward this association ( Figure 3A ; Supplementary Figure S2A ) .

After co-culture with activated HMEC, the two effector memory subsets, and especially the CD27 - subset which is associated with increased effector function ( 34 ), showed a trend of the highest and most stable CD69 expression ( Figure 3B ).

The nearly significant and non-significant association of C3a and C5a levels with the presence of B2-CIC, respectively, may be due to the short half-life of these complement activation products [a half-life of 30 minutes for C3a and 5 minutes for C5a has been described ( 47 – 49 )].

Aligned with this observation, CD4+CD25+CD127+foxP3-Teff cells were recently suggested as a possible marker for monitoring disease activity, as patients with stable disease showed a trend for reduced levels of such population, with reduced Teff: Treg ratios ( 49 ).

A multivariable logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the ChAdOx1 vaccine showed a trend in favor of non-neutralizing capability (OR 0.26, 95% CI 0.0055 - 6.4343), whereas the mRNA-1273 (OR 3.39, 95% CI 0.2421-73.6718) vaccine showed a trend towards higher likelihood of mounting neutralizing activity, with the BNT162b2 vaccine as reference ( Figure 2C ).

Additionally, when PTX3, urea levels and age were left unchanged, there was a highly significant interaction (positive synergistic effect) between IL-6 and IL-18, meaning there was a non-linear association between these two variables and 90-days mortality.

Although an increasing trend was seen from non-sepsis to sepsis and shock patients, IL-18BP and IL-1R4 were not significantly associated with mortality, in contrast to what reported by others ( 93 , 96 – 98 ).

p < 0.05 was regarded as statistically significant, p < 0.01 was regarded as very significant, and p < 0.001 was regarded as extremely significant. 3 Result 3.1 Intestinal histological changes Histological analysis of the intestinal sections from the PBS-injected group and the DIV1-infected group are shown in Figure 1 .

The study found that the levels of two important regulators involved in renal tubular reabsorption, megalin (LRP2) and cubilin (CUBN), showed a decreasing trend in the urine of patients with COVID-19.