Excerpts

After adjustment for confounders, no significant associations are observed between sodium intake quartiles and incidence of diabetes complications and mortality, except for a significant trend for an increased risk of diabetic retinopathy ( p = 0.039).

0.25), corresponding to a nominally significant association (OR = 1.68; 95% CI: 1.05–2.67; p = 0.039).

Further analysis showed a trend toward a higher detection rate of Lactobacillus in the experimental group than in the control group ( p = 0.039).

A significant positive association between HDL-cholesterol and PTH ( R = 0.56; p = 0.001), as well as a negative and modestly significant negative association between LDL-cholesterol and PTH ( R = −20.0; p = 0.04) were observed.

Three studies showed a significant or nearly significant trend towards a decrease in nuclear cataract risk with increased duration of multivitamin/mineral supplementation ( p = 0.04, p = 0.02, and p = 0.08, respectively) [ 8 , 10 , 19 ].

Treatment with Synbiotic 2000TM led to a highly significant reduction in number of chest infections (4/26 patients—15%) compared to peptide diet (11/26 patients—42%, p < 0.04), glutamine treatment (11/32 patients—34%, p < 0.03) and only fiber treatment (12/29 patients—41%, p < 0.002) [ 61 ].

Measurements in liver tissue showed a marginally statistically significant difference between the control and stevia groups ( p = 0.04); however, restoration of the MDA measurements was up to 85% for the leaf-extract-treated diseased animals.

Statistically significant differences were not found except for a borderline significance in fish consumption two or three times a week ( p < 0.04) for undernourished children, and dairy product consumption with a frequency of two or more times a day ( p < 0.03) in obese children.

In addition, there was a significant trend ( p = 0.04) of increasing TSH with increasing lactation duration. 4.

Although the correlation is weakly significant, calcemia seems to increase with low-birth-weight newborns ( p < 0.04), in low length at birth ( p = 0.047), in preterm infants ( p = 0.04), and, among them, in the ones with lower gestational age ( p = 0.03). 3.2.3.

For bread products there was borderline significant evidence ( p < 0.04) that reformulation of private-label products was greater than for branded products.

However, this difference did not reach statistical significance after correcting for multiple comparisons ( p = 0.040, Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons p ≤ 0.025).

Associations differed between the group that received B-vitamin supplementation and the group that did not ( Table 2 ), more specifically, interaction terms with treatment were significant or tended towards significance for MMA and grey matter ( p = 0.04), MMA and total brain volume ( p = 0.10), and Hcy and total brain volume ( p = 0.10).

A significant trend for greater odds of being overweight has been reported in participants with serum creatine levels in the fourth quartile than in the first three quartiles ( p = 0.04).

Further exploratory analysis revealed that four-week consumption of PS128 showed a trend to reduce the scores for body and object use ( P = 0.04; Table 3 ). 3.2.3.

Still, whole grain pasta (5.9%, p = 0.0063), fish and shellfish (5.9%, p = 0.0063), processed meat (5.9%, p = 0.0063), and eggs (5.9%, p = 0.0063) were significant contributors, with lean meat also approaching significance (5.9%, p = 0.0410).

The opposite was observed with German tourist pressure, which showed a borderline significant positive association ( β = 0.0092, p = 0.042).

Interestingly, only men displayed a marginally significant linear trend ( p = 0.042), with a decrease of dislike of salty solution towards the third measurement (F(1.35,20.33) = 5.57, partial ɳ 2 = 0.27, p = 0.020; Table 4 ), which was also found to be significant in the linear mixed model ( p = 0.007; Table 6 ). 3.3.3.

In the MCI group, the chi-squared tests that were conducted before the individual OR comparisons showed nearly significant differences among the three folate tertiles in the crude analysis ( p = 0.042), adjusted model 1 ( p = 0.031), and adjusted model 2 ( p = 0.037).

The risk for ICU admission showed marginal significance (weighted IRR 1.34, 95% CI: 1.01–1.79, p = 0.0424), but this difference was not significant after adjusting for multiple comparisons.

In a pooled meta-analysis, the CC genotype showed a nominally significant, hypothesis-generating signal with obesity risk ( p = 0.043).

Concurrent Validity SNAQ total score showed a decreasing trend with increasing social frailty (15.96 vs. 15.56 vs. 15.18, p = 0.045), physical frailty (15.94 vs. 15.61 vs. 14.50, p > 0.05) and depressive symptoms (15.84 vs. 15.07, p > 0.05) ( Table 5 ).

In this sensitivity analysis, the mADF group showed a nominally significant association with lower REE values compared with the MedDiet group ( p = 0.045).

The time × group interaction was marginally statistically significant in total blood cholesterol (β = −17.06; 95% CI: −33.29 to −0.83; p = 0.045), suggesting that the effect of the intervention was more beneficial in Group 2.

Only albumin had a slightly significant influence on RE ( p = 0.045).