Excerpts

All statistical analyses were conducted using IBM SPSS statistical software, version 22.0; p < 0.05 and p < 0.01 were considered as significant difference and extremely significant difference, respectively.

If the variable graph shows a clear trend in one direction over time, then the variable can be identified as a test type containing both an intercept term and a time trend term.

The changes in tax structure and macro tax burden during the sample observation period do not have a definite trend but fluctuate up and down.

It is likely that the effects of disturbance and hint on the DIF measures of all items are offset and negligible, but they may be significant for some items.

(2018) showed that participants from Ghana, Spain, and Mexico all showed a trend to prefer curved stimuli.

This is highly significant: Molly refused to internalise the implications of the deficit models employed in both higher education and clinical psychology, and thus emerged from these interactions defiant and undiminished.

In addition, at the three levels of entrepreneurial practice, the mediating effect of entrepreneurial spirit on the relationship between entrepreneurship competition and competence also shows an increasing trend (see Table 7 ).

The samples are relatively small, and although the pattern of interaction between accountability and forecast group-based shame was similar in both studies, the interaction was found significant in Study 1 and only marginally significant in Study 2.

The researchers found that by manipulating whether feedback was either present or absent for relevant derived relations when derivation was high influenced the outcomes of rule persistence, contingency sensitivity, and resurgence, as well as (a marginal significance) for rule compliance.

By comparing two different measurements of maternal sensitivity, the authors reported a near-significant, nearly medium-sized correlation between PRF and sensitivity assessed by Ainsworth’s original scale, while the small-sized association with sensitivity assessed by MBQS-mini was far from reaching the significance level.

After Go stimulation, there were significant group differences in P3 wave amplitude at both electrode sites and a borderline significant difference at the other electrode site, and the Go-P3 wave amplitude in the control group was higher than the Go-P3 wave amplitude in the overweight–obese group.

Trust factors help to reduce uncertainty and enhance f-commerce usage intention, but it is highly significant to attain perceived value before using f-commerce ( Ponte et al., 2015 ; Molinillo et al., 2021 ).

The identity of the subsequent logographeme (whether it can form a character independently or not) has a marginally significant impact on the ISI of strokes in the logographeme being written.

However, also in the other parameters, there was a marked trend toward reduction.

Among them, according to the empirical analysis of influencing factors of rural teachers’ curriculum leadership, common vision within the school had a highly significant positive impact on the overall level of rural teachers’ curriculum leadership and its various sub-dimensions, which was the most explanatory factor in the school field and also an important factor for improving school effectiveness.

( 2017b ) found a weak trend where more semantically similar word pairs were also more phonologically similar.

Fathers’ educational expectations also showed a marginally significant moderating effect on the relationship between adolescents’ educational expectations and their subjective wellbeing.

Alternatively, the parents in this sample did not adopt high levels of psychological control but showed a trend for more adaptive parenting strategies.

However, these effects were not significant in the second step of the models, except that maternal rejection had a marginally significant effect on girls’ math self-efficacy.

Considering that this is an exploratory study, marginal significance can also make us more convinced of the alternative hypothesis to a certain extent ( Pritschet et al., 2016 ), so we further conducted a mixed-design ANOVA under different interference task conditions.

To ensure the current study at least demonstrates a significant effect of the manipulation on identification with humanity, the marginally significant effect size for bond with all humanity was used from Study 1.

The interaction terms were not statistically significant, except for the small yet marginally significant interaction effect of threat and Gulf identity in the prediction of self-esteem.

In the current study, airy/breathy did not demonstrate a significant trend with register; this is consistent with modeling in Reymore (in press) , in which airy/breathy was not a significant predictor of register for either oboe or horn and did not rank highly in either random forest model.

Despite differences are only approaching significance, we found that the vignettes showed the strongest differences in means for both motivations.

Particularly, the error rate of AY trials in the post-test of Dohsa-hou group was lower than that of the passive control group, but the difference was only marginally statistically significant, therefore refuting H1.