Excerpts

Adding information for the eight selected SNPs improved performance to an accuracy of 84% (AUC=0.92) and resulted in highly significant performance improvement as calculated by net reclassification improvement (NRI, NRI categorical: P value=1.45×10 −4 , NRI continuous: 2.81×10 −29 ) and integrated discrimination improvement ( P value=7.33×10 −25 ; Supplementary Table S1 ), emphasising the potential of including these genomic markers (see also receiver operating characteristic in Figure 3c ).

The SZ_128 and SZ_342 features had no association, but the SZ_1M was higher in this subgroup compared to the other cases (Cohen’s d = 2.66) and could have approached significance (p-value = 1.48 × 10 −4 ) if not for the Bonferroni correction.

Finally, the random effect of mastitis events was highly significant ( P = 1.49E-4), suggesting that variance in CMT results exists between mastitis events.

For the Roseobacter SAGs, the proportion of genes involved in ‘extracellular structure’ (category W) and ‘mobilome: prophages, transposons’ (category X) exhibited a highly significant positive correlation with amino acid sequence variation ( p = 0.00015 and 0.0012, respectively); for the Alteromonas SAGs, the relative abundance of genes involved in ‘cell wall/membrane/envelope biogenesis’ (category M) was highly significantly positively correlated with amino acid sequence variation ( p = 0.0012).

While the lack of available expression data to assign SRS in external cohorts limits our ability to validate our findings, we did find that one previously reported mortality-associated variant, rs72998754, 67 was in strong LD (r 2 = 0.98 in 1KGP EUR) with nominally significant SNPs in our SRS GWAS ( p = 0.00015).

Alternatively, we simply counted the number of genes that had a higher coefficient of variation for the UM state compared to the gbM state; 5357 (or 61.56%) genes had more variable expression among UM epialleles, representing a highly significant deviation from the null expectation of 50% (binomial test, two-sided, P = 1.5 × 10 −4 ).

This SNP was identified as highly significant in the study ( Table 2 from [ 41 ]) and was found to interact with alcohol consumption in European participants (p = 1.5 × 10 -4 ).

The association between the AA genotype and single-queen nesting was highly significant (Fisher's exact test, P = 0.00015).

Recapitulating the in vitro data, there was a highly significant inverse correlation between Rab25 levels and pAMPK ( p = 0.00015), pACC ( p = 7.93e−12) and pGS ( p = 0.00001) as well as a positive correlation ( p = 1.34e−9) between Rab25 and pAKT in patient samples.

Nominally significant differences between groups indicate a higher protein (p=1.54×10 −4 ), lower fat (p=0.026) and lower alcohol (p=3.8×10 −4 ) content for the TLS group.

The highly significant elevation between SP network proteins (permutation p = 0.000154) suggests that ERC could be used to predict additional SP network proteins.

Results: After specialized training of just 6–10 hours, blind participants successfully and actively integrated facial features into cartooned identities in 79±18% of the trials in a highly significant manner, (chance level 10% ; rank-sum P < 1.55E-04).

These effects on theta power included: a highly significant reduction at frontal sites (p = 1.55×10 −4 ) and a marginally significant reduction at parietal sites (p = 0.0499) in Sp4 hypomorphic animals, as well as a slight but significant increase at occipital sites (p = 0.0203) in wildtype animals ( Fig 4B ).

Statistical analysis using an unpaired one-tailed Welch’s t-test confirmed that this difference was highly significant ( P = 0.000159).

For every measure, there was a highly significant overall effect of group (χ 2 [2 df] = 17.4, P = 0.00016 for the measure of V1 thickness; all other measures χ 2 [2 df] > 30, P < 2 × 10 –7 ).

A linear statistical model of the relative amount of the D1 protein, with the illumination time, dark time and their interaction as explanatory variables, was highly significant ( F (3,26) = 9.883, p = 0.00016; see Appendix S1 for the full characterization of the model) and showed that the lowering of the amount of the D1 protein due to interaction by illumination and subsequent dark time was significant ( p = 0.0485); the negative effect of illumination alone on the D1 protein was not significant ( p = 0.0791), and dark time alone had no effect ( p = 0.997).

This model proved to be highly significant (χ 2 compared to the constant model: 17.51, P = 1.6 × 10 −4 ; table S6).

Weak negative and positive trends were observed between “Junk food” (rho = −0.19, p = 0.003) ( Figure 4 D) and “Beans” (rho = 0.17, p = 0.008) ( Figure 4 E), respectively, and EPA levels, although their p values did not reach statistical significance using the cutoff point of p = 0.00016.

Prevalence for the same age groups was significantly lower in Kutaisi, at 0% ( P = 0.0062), 3.2% ( P = 0.0018) and 5.2% ( P = 0.0017; all Χ 2 test), respectively, and the overall difference in prevalence, 19.3% versus 7.3%, was also highly significant ( P = 0.00016).

These outcomes are propelled by the differences between total ventral and dorsal tissue allocation at gastrula stages: comparison of hPSCs transplanted to early versus late gastrula PS revealed a highly significant shift from ventral to dorsal fates as gastrulation progressed (hiPSC: X 2 , p = 1.6 × 10 −4 ; hESC: X 2 , p = 0), as calculated by summing ventral and dorsal fates for all regions (anterior, trunk, posterior).

Results: there was a highly significant decrease (p=0.00016) in TSB, of 1.7 mg/dl in average, the decrease was higher in sickle cell anemia (SS) than in sickle thalassemia, (p=0.03), there was no effect of hemoglobin level and cholecystectomy status on the decrease level.

Curiously, ripple amplitude showed a weak trend in the opposite direction ( r = 0.27, p-value = 1.62e−04), with higher amplitude ripples in the lateral section ( Figure 3—figure supplement 4 ).

In our study when comparing groups of patients with the same GAA genotypes (see results and Table 1 for details) for disease-free life (Figure 1 ) we observed a highly significant difference (p = 0.000163) for the c.-32-13T > G/c.1927G > A genotype, which showed an earlier age of onset, at any age, compared to other genotypes.

Among them, brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) was the only biomarker with a borderline significant association with IMI (HR per doubling of BNP level (95% confidence interval (95% CI)) = 1.33 (1.15, 1.55), P = 1.63 × 10 −4 , FDR = 0.11 in the discovery sample and 1.40 (1.00, 1.94), P = 0.049 in the validation sample; Extended Data Fig. 2 ).

While cumulative smoking exposure was associated with a highly significant increase in circulating alpha-synuclein (SNCA) (ß = 0.0036, p = 0.000165) and caspase-3 (CASP3) (p = 0.04), we observed a concurrent, female-specific upregulation of the proteostatic co-chaperone BAG3 (p = 0.02).