Excerpts

Although largely dominated by grade 2 and 3 patients, the difference in patient outcome for these groups was highly significant ( P = 4.31 × 10 −4 , log-rank test).

The difference between the glucose levels in the STZ-induced and normal mice was highly significant ( P = 4.34E-04).

Two SNPs located in genes that were implicated by previous GWA studies of ALS were marginally significant in the pooled analysis of discovery and replication samples: rs17174381 in DPP6 (p = 4.4×10 −4 ) and rs6985069 near ELP3 (p = 4.8×10 −4 ).

Consequently, there was a highly significant underrepresentation of such differentiation profiles such as the VERHAAK_GLIOBLASTOMA_PRONEURAL signature in the clones (nominal P = 0.000446; Fig. 4C ), along with an enrichment of mesenchymal gene sets such as HALLMARK_EPITHELIAL_MESENCHYMAL_TRANSITION (nominal P = 0.000227; Fig. 4D ).

Half of the 44 individuals in group 2 exhibited SBS18 in their CRC, representing a highly significant increase over group 3 (2.7-fold odds ratio, P = 4.48 × 10 −4 ; Table 1 , Fig. 4 , Supplementary Tables 1 and 2 ).

A highly significant global association was detected in female participants (global P = 4.5×10 -4 ), whereas no evidence of a comparable association was observed in males.

After FDR adjustment, exon 6 showed a highly significant enrichment of mutations in BC ( p = 0.00045), whereas no significant difference between exons 5 and 6 was observed in OCC ( p = 1.000) or PC ( p = 0.384).

Results with IVW- P < 0.05 was considered nominally significant and IVW- P < 0.00045 was taken as statistically significant. 3 Results 3.1 MR results in the discovery stage The list of 110 SRPs was in Table 1 .

4 × 10 −4 ) and highly significant (median predictor cross-validation P = 4.6 × 10 −4 ), consistent with previous findings that low average heritability of gene expression can be compensated for by sample size sufficient to produce reliable genetic predictors ( Supplementary Table 7 ).

In fact, when patients treated in first and second line of therapy were taken together this association was highly significant (p=4.6 x 10 –4 , n=64).

We also found that the inhibition of PAI-1 activity with a small molecule PAI-1 inhibitor TM5275 almost completely restored the p53 protein degradation rate that was inhibited by bleomycin in A549 cells (the time-dependent changes in the amounts of p53 protein between bleomycin + TM5275 and bleomycin + solvent were highly significant, p = 0.00046; those between bleomycin + TM5275 and saline + TM5275 were not significant, p = 0.626; those between bleomycin +TM5275 and saline + solvent were not significant, p = 0.945) ( Figure 3 D,E).

Heteroplasmic constitutional alleles showed a significant trend towards reduction or loss of the minor allele – represented as decreases in HF – in the corresponding tumour (p = 0.00047, t = 3.815).

Furthermore, Gut microbiomes of RA showed a markedly significant increase in bacterial diversity in association with disease activity (Kruskal–Wallis; p = 0.00047).

This confirmed a highly significant association between day 21 large clone count and six-month outcome, with responders having on average 5.7 more large clones on day 21 (95% CI: 2.6 - 8.87, P=4.8×10 -4 , Supplementary Figure 1 ).

Furthermore, we note that when comparing the signals we took for replication (based on case control analyses) with association results with BMI as a continuous trait derived from an independent set of samples from UKBB, there are more directionally consistent and nominally significant associations with BMI than expected by chance suggesting that amongst these loci, there may be additional real associations (binomial p = 4.88x10 -4 , and binomial p = 9.77x10 -3 , respectively, Methods , S9 Table ).” Despite the smaller sample size, the obese vs thin comparison had increased power to detect some loci ( S3 Fig ), including a recently discovered variant near FAM150B [ 32 ] (rs62107261, MAF = ~5%), which did not meet our p<10 −5 threshold to be taken forward for replication in obese vs controls analysis ( p = 2.36x10 -4 ).

As shown in Figure 4A , 10 min of retinoschisin treatment slightly reduced Src phosphorylation (86.8 ± 2.9%) compared with control treatment but with a statistically highly significant difference between retinoschisin and control treatment ( p = 4.9 × 10 -4 ).

A full overview of all 672 nominally significant ( P < 4.95 × 10 −4 ) pQTL-protein pairs between 30 genetic loci and 90 CSF proteins is presented in Supplementary Table 4 .

However, the landscape was roughly the same at 1 and 2 km, as shown by the highly significant correlations of the variables at the two scales (all P-values < 0.0005; r = 0.85, 0.88 and 0.71, for percentage of natural habitats, crops and landscape heterogeneity respectively).

When ANOVA of V T with group (patients with CNI therapy versus controls) and VOI as fixed factors was performed separately for HAB and MAB subjects, the group effect (lower V T in patients with CNI therapy) was highly significant in the HAB subjects ( p < 0.0005), but it failed to reach statistical significance in the MAB subjects ( p = 0.106).

Although the CGGGG indel did not reach statistical significance independently in all three cohorts, the combined analysis revealed a clear association signal between the CGGGG indel and MS (p = 0.0005), with the longer allele (4×CGGGG) as the risk allele.

Compared to the baseline, a highly significant reduction of Fat Mass % (FM%) was observed (p-value=0.0005).

In spring, prevalence reached 93.3% in European hake compared to only 12.2% in greater forkbeard; here, the odds of infection were nearly 100‐fold higher in hake, and the difference was highly significant (OR = 99.0, p = 0.0005) (Table 4 ).

The correlations between “behavioral apathy” scores and signal change as P (yes) increased were still highly significant after controlling for individuals akaike information criterion (partial correlations, SMA: r = 0.562, P < 0.0005; ccz: r = 0.555, P < 0.0005; and M1: r = 0.489, P = 0.002).

The difference between MAE and BAE genes remained highly significant ( π = 6.2×10 –4 ±4.8×10 –5 for MAE genes in the global population, 5.1×10 –4 ±3.5×10 –5 for BAE genes, p < 5×10 –4 , see Fig.1c ).

Influence of Physico-Chemical Parameters on Aeromonas Dynamics Highly significant ( p < 0.0005) correlation was observed between water temperature and total culturable Aeromonas spp., notably during the dry period (December to May), and at temperatures >25°C, explaining ~70% of variations in bacterial abundance ( Figure 3 ).